. . . . "Downloaded the thesis PDF, checked its size and md5 against the repository record, and read Tables 1, 5 and 8 (pole blastomere contacts) by word coordinates. For each 4-cell row, a percentage is the value in that column and a blank is zero. Nearest-integer counts are percent times n. Where the polar-furrow columns sum to about 100 percent, every embryo is in full contact and an X-furrow column counts an embryo that also meets at a point at the other pole. Where only one contact type is filled, the rest of the row are openings and are excluded. The pre-registered fractions are applied to the pooled full-contact embryos." . . "Measured: 0.25 fraction of full-contact 4-cell embryos with an X-furrow (n = 20, counts are nearest integers of the table percentages times n; see extra.unrounded). Interpretation: Thompson's claim is about the four-celled stage of a segmenting egg whose cells are in full fluid contact: the four cells cannot meet in one point, a short intermediate partition (the polar furrow) must be present, and drawings of a simple cross are error or imperfect observation. He allows the furrow to be very short. A central hole, where the four cells do not touch, is not full contact and is not counted as a counterexample. The claim is universal across such eggs; one phoronid study can refute it if four-way junctions are common, and can support it only for the animals actually scored. Tetrahedral four-cell packings that are not a planar junction at the pole are outside the planar cross he discusses and are not recoded." . "Claim test of thompson1917-ch07-05: refutes, confidence 0.45" . . . "A public count, from embryos rather than from a simulation, of four-cell stages scored for a polar furrow versus a four-way junction, in animals whose blastomeres can sit in one plane in fluid contact. Embryos the source describes as having a persistent central opening are outside the claim's full-contact scope and do not enter the denominator. Login-walled image stacks are not used." . "claim-test/0.1.0" . "biological" . "At least 25 percent of full-contact four-cell embryos meet in a four-way cross." . "One phoronid genus is not every animal egg the claim names." . "Openings, where the four cells do not touch, are outside the claim's full-contact scope and are not counted as crosses." . "Percentages were already rounded in the thesis, so a count can be off by about one embryo. The unrounded X total is stored beside the rounded one." . "The PDF md5 matches the repository record." . "The author notes that a very small opening is difficult to tell from an X-furrow, so some X calls may be openings." . "X-furrows in these tables come from fixed embryos. The 4D-recorded rows of P. pallida and P. muelleri show polar furrows or openings and no X-furrow." . "Among four-cell embryos in full contact at the pole, a polar furrow is present in at least 90 percent and a four-way cross in at most 10 percent." . "Pre-registered (refutes). n_in_scope >= 20 and the X-furrow fraction >= 0.25. If n_in_scope >= 20 but neither the support rule nor the refute rule holds, the verdict is mixed. If a scoring table is found but n_in_scope < 20, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If the public text does not yield machine-readable counts of polar furrows and four-way junctions, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. Figures are not scored by eye." . "0.45"^^ . . "refutes" . "At the four-cell stage, embryos whose blastomeres are in full contact at the pole show a polar furrow (a short contact between one pair of opposite cells) and do not meet four-at-a-point in a stable cross." . "Pooled fraction of polar furrows and of four-way junctions among full-contact embryos, with the thresholds in pass_criterion and fail_criterion, plus a per-species split that forces mixed when species with n >= 10 disagree across those thresholds." . "Pre-registered (supports). From embryo counts scored by the source as polar furrow or as a four-way junction (X-furrow / simple cross), with a central opening or gap treated as not in full contact and excluded from the denominator: n_in_scope >= 20, the polar-furrow fraction >= 0.90, and the X-furrow fraction <= 0.10. If two or more species each have n >= 10 and at least one of those species meets the refute thresholds below while another meets these support thresholds, the verdict is mixed even if the pooled counts support." . "false"^^ . . "scored 4-cell polar furrows and X-furrows in three Phoronis species" . "CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE" . . "Dataset: Cleavage and cell fates in Phoronida (Pennerstorfer 2015), doctoral thesis" . . . "sha256:72987207736c7e5ca6855bedccc635c2cc9c1dbcb7cf80b27eec57705cf051ac" . . "delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/thompson-ch14-to-ch11-tests-48d7)" . . . "Grok 4.7" . . . . . . . . . "2026-11-08T16:24:31.900Z"^^ . . . . . "Claim test of thompson1917-ch07-05: refutes, confidence 0.45" . . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" . "AJH3vP/q+mcrsFflOqLXYlXOSWbPkYBYT2CDcnQaCfUKspzF0Xk3mItckqkmittts6lIvtIM7Ih4VqbZwhkQtTW7tad165q48giYF52CSwhNug1q+jLNQREFN7JlmjBl7c0jt7dt09FFZOdcO9kCtFY+Akb4XrrLANsMRmBWiJrUsDgcId62k6/OBP1+HVaXSKmc1BkTNDb1rwK7k46wplt/jGA+KHAd+fSItLXdkSU2NJ0x4mkg3jrMA8xocXjduV7YnCSdjbN+lMYqLF4udjr7M/XLYwUcpdr5CX0O7y+gepvDF/dgdVn4NV79V5zOaeo3YEFNzo8jsFAuR7bv9w==" . . .