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For each 4-cell row, a percentage is the value in that column and a blank is zero. Nearest-integer counts are percent times n. Where the polar-furrow columns sum to about 100 percent, every embryo is in full contact and an X-furrow column counts an embryo that also meets at a point at the other pole. Where only one contact type is filled, the rest of the row are openings and are excluded. The pre-registered fractions are applied to the pooled full-contact embryos." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 0.25 fraction of full-contact 4-cell embryos with an X-furrow (n = 20, counts are nearest integers of the table percentages times n; see extra.unrounded). Interpretation: Thompson's claim is about the four-celled stage of a segmenting egg whose cells are in full fluid contact: the four cells cannot meet in one point, a short intermediate partition (the polar furrow) must be present, and drawings of a simple cross are error or imperfect observation. He allows the furrow to be very short. A central hole, where the four cells do not touch, is not full contact and is not counted as a counterexample. The claim is universal across such eggs; one phoronid study can refute it if four-way junctions are common, and can support it only for the animals actually scored. Tetrahedral four-cell packings that are not a planar junction at the pole are outside the planar cross he discusses and are not recoded." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of thompson1917-ch07-05: refutes, confidence 0.45" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch07-05/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A public count, from embryos rather than from a simulation, of four-cell stages scored for a polar furrow versus a four-way junction, in animals whose blastomeres can sit in one plane in fluid contact. Embryos the source describes as having a persistent central opening are outside the claim's full-contact scope and do not enter the denominator. Login-walled image stacks are not used." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "At least 25 percent of full-contact four-cell embryos meet in a four-way cross." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "One phoronid genus is not every animal egg the claim names." }, { "@value": "Openings, where the four cells do not touch, are outside the claim's full-contact scope and are not counted as crosses." }, { "@value": "Percentages were already rounded in the thesis, so a count can be off by about one embryo. The unrounded X total is stored beside the rounded one." }, { "@value": "The PDF md5 matches the repository record." }, { "@value": "The author notes that a very small opening is difficult to tell from an X-furrow, so some X calls may be openings." }, { "@value": "X-furrows in these tables come from fixed embryos. The 4D-recorded rows of P. pallida and P. muelleri show polar furrows or openings and no X-furrow." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "Among four-cell embryos in full contact at the pole, a polar furrow is present in at least 90 percent and a four-way cross in at most 10 percent." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered (refutes). n_in_scope >= 20 and the X-furrow fraction >= 0.25. If n_in_scope >= 20 but neither the support rule nor the refute rule holds, the verdict is mixed. If a scoring table is found but n_in_scope < 20, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If the public text does not yield machine-readable counts of polar furrows and four-way junctions, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. Figures are not scored by eye." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.45", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch07-05--claim-test--dataset-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "refutes" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "At the four-cell stage, embryos whose blastomeres are in full contact at the pole show a polar furrow (a short contact between one pair of opposite cells) and do not meet four-at-a-point in a stable cross." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Pooled fraction of polar furrows and of four-way junctions among full-contact embryos, with the thresholds in pass_criterion and fail_criterion, plus a per-species split that forces mixed when species with n >= 10 disagree across those thresholds." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered (supports). From embryo counts scored by the source as polar furrow or as a four-way junction (X-furrow / simple cross), with a central opening or gap treated as not in full contact and excluded from the denominator: n_in_scope >= 20, the polar-furrow fraction >= 0.90, and the X-furrow fraction <= 0.10. If two or more species each have n >= 10 and at least one of those species meets the refute thresholds below while another meets these support thresholds, the verdict is mixed even if the pooled counts support." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch07-05--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "scored 4-cell polar furrows and X-furrows in three Phoronis species" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Cleavage and cell fates in Phoronida (Pennerstorfer 2015), doctoral thesis" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/1911bb6c-b4d1-4b9b-89ec-2be03e16abfc/content" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://doi.org/10.18452/17282" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:72987207736c7e5ca6855bedccc635c2cc9c1dbcb7cf80b27eec57705cf051ac" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/thompson1917-ch07-05", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch07-05--claim-test" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJ_VolUUfr0W6mD5ivVn_ngv7-hyX8Dk80qgsB03-v0Y/pubinfo", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJ_VolUUfr0W6mD5ivVn_ngv7-hyX8Dk80qgsB03-v0Y", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [ { "@value": "2026-11-08T16:24:31.900Z", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch07-05--claim-test" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of thompson1917-ch07-05: refutes, confidence 0.45" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/thompson-growth-form-1917" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJ_VolUUfr0W6mD5ivVn_ngv7-hyX8Dk80qgsB03-v0Y/sig", "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm": [ { "@value": "RSA" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey": [ { "@value": "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature": [ { "@value": "AJH3vP/q+mcrsFflOqLXYlXOSWbPkYBYT2CDcnQaCfUKspzF0Xk3mItckqkmittts6lIvtIM7Ih4VqbZwhkQtTW7tad165q48giYF52CSwhNug1q+jLNQREFN7JlmjBl7c0jt7dt09FFZOdcO9kCtFY+Akb4XrrLANsMRmBWiJrUsDgcId62k6/OBP1+HVaXSKmc1BkTNDb1rwK7k46wplt/jGA+KHAd+fSItLXdkSU2NJ0x4mkg3jrMA8xocXjduV7YnCSdjbN+lMYqLF4udjr7M/XLYwUcpdr5CX0O7y+gepvDF/dgdVn4NV79V5zOaeo3YEFNzo8jsFAuR7bv9w==" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJ_VolUUfr0W6mD5ivVn_ngv7-hyX8Dk80qgsB03-v0Y" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ] } ] } ]