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Fetched the public landing page of Onwuama et al. 2021 and read the vertebral formula in the abstract. Checked the Animal Diversity Web lion account for a cervical count and found none. Attempted the Dryad carnivoran landmark file and received HTTP 401. Applied the pre-registered rule to the sources that reported a count." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 7 cervical elements reported for Panthera leo (minimum across voting sources) (n = 3, voting sources reported 7, 7). Interpretation: The claim is read as a species-level statement about Panthera leo: the neck is one bone, not a series of vertebrae. One normal skeleton with separate cervical bones is enough to refute that universal. The test does not ask whether the count is seven, only whether it is one. 'Pathological' is taken from the source's own wording. Fusion described as the normal lion neck would support the claim; fusion described as abnormal would not." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha02-01: refutes, confidence 0.9" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha02-01/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "Openly fetchable specimen file lists or published anatomical descriptions that state a cervical count, or that archive separately named cervical bones, for Panthera leo. The text must identify the lion (species or a specimen of that species). Aristotle's own sentence is not a source. A comparative landmark table counts only when a row or file is identified as Panthera leo; if the lion is absent, that table is dropped and does not vote. A source that never states a cervical count is silent, not a vote for either side." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "A normal lion skeleton or a species-level vertebral formula that names two or more distinct cervical elements (atlas, axis, or cervicals numbered above 1)." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "A web search used to locate a public lion-skeleton record returned an abstract that already stated a cervical formula, before this file was committed. The decision rule was fixed from the claim wording (one bone versus more than one) and was not changed after that abstract was seen. The counts in measured were parsed from the files by analysis.py." }, { "@value": "Animal Diversity Web was silent, and the Dryad landmark file returned HTTP 401, so neither voted." }, { "@value": "Onwuama et al. state one formula, C7 T13 L7 S3 C20-21, for two lions. The specimen total n=3 counts those two animals plus the Dataverse skeleton. Three skeletons refute a universal claim that the neck is one bone; they are not a range-wide survey." }, { "@value": "The Dataverse count is the number of separately named bone directories (atlas, axis, cervical III–VII), not a measurement made by opening the meshes. Fragments of a single bone would not be labeled with those seven anatomical names." }, { "@value": "The journal page does not state a licence. The formula used is the public abstract on that page. The PDF was not used." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "Public specimen manifests and published osteological descriptions of Panthera leo record a single neck bone and do not list separate cervical vertebrae." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered (claim refuted). At least one admissible source reports a cervical count of 2 or more for Panthera leo and does not describe that specimen as a pathological fusion. If some reporting sources say 1 and others say 2 or more for non-pathological animals, the verdict is mixed. If no source yields a count, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A count taken only from a specimen the source calls pathological, with no species-typical count, is inconclusive with reason other." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.9", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-2" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-3" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-4" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "refutes" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If the lion's neck is one bone rather than vertebrae, every admissible public record of a normal Panthera leo neck reports exactly one cervical element and none reports two or more separate cervical bones." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Count distinct cervical identities per source: an explicit integer in a vertebral formula, or the number of separately named cervical bones in a file manifest (atlas, axis, cervical I–VII, C1–C7). Support only if every voting source has count 1. Refute if any non-pathological source has count >= 2. Mixed if the voting sources disagree. No average and no modern allometric model." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered (claim supported). At least one admissible source reports a cervical count for a normal lion, every reporting source reports exactly 1, and no source reports a count of 2 or more for a specimen that the source does not label as pathological." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "separately archived neck bones of one lion skeleton" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY-NC 4.0" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Panthera leo 93 (skeleton file manifest)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://dataverse.csuc.cat/api/datasets/:persistentId/?persistentId=doi:10.34810/data2062" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://doi.org/10.34810/data2062" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:5f211cb668436dae97644cbfb9d1edd36ea9951503e7a7f8a576d4c3c5f7a827" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "published vertebral formula for two African lion skeletons" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "not stated on the public landing page" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Morphological studies on the axial skeleton of the African lion (Panthera leo)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.328" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.328" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:6e0046f80457360f0e0593094e375357281362cc247e8bac9dde4466a9e060c9" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-3", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "species account checked for a stated cervical count" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "ADW content; see animaldiversity.org" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Animal Diversity Web account for Panthera leo" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Panthera_leo/" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Panthera_leo/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:301db81c3222a00e934eaa640df881943ec73051bc1e3b416b0d247fde445227" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test--dataset-4", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "planned landmark tables; used only if a row is identified as Panthera leo. The CSV download was refused, so this dataset casts no vote." } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC0-1.0" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Phenotypic integration in the carnivoran backbone (Dryad)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://datadryad.org/api/v2/files/604031/download" }, { "@id": "https://datadryad.org/api/v2/versions/108252/files" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrq9" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:01e8b23324672202e7a4f4a0f12e0ad5a1132833f1e7253b80bbd11eb5556e69" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha02-01", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-01--claim-test" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJIKcJwk6yxcYc6hjM_3hnC79HYZAS2sqORWWliLd0zg/provenance", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/aristotle-ha-claim-tests-665a)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier": [ { "@value": "grok-4.7" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel" ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJIKcJwk6yxcYc6hjM_3hnC79HYZAS2sqORWWliLd0zg/assertion", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha02-01/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJIKcJwk6yxcYc6hjM_3hnC79HYZAS2sqORWWliLd0zg/test" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJIKcJwk6yxcYc6hjM_3hnC79HYZAS2sqORWWliLd0zg/test", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJIKcJwk6yxcYc6hjM_3hnC79HYZAS2sqORWWliLd0zg/plan" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAJIKcJwk6yxcYc6hjM_3hnC79HYZAS2sqORWWliLd0zg/plan", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md" } ] } ] } ]