https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py downloads the Europe PMC JATS full text of PMC3359305 and takes the fraction in the results sentence that reports how many octopuses matched a nearby landmark. That fraction is 10 of 11. The matched-object sentence names rocks: True. The methods section mentions hunting or prey: False; alarm or disturbance: False; camouflage: True. Support required a majority match, rocks or stones, and both a hunting context and an alarm context. A majority match that does not meet both contexts is the partial outcome named in the fail criterion. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.9091 fraction of imaged octopuses reported to match a nearby object (n = 11, 10 of 11; one case noted as not clear in the same sentence). Interpretation: Aristotle's octopus is read as octopuses generally, with Octopus vulgaris in scope and Octopus cyanea admissible in the same test because the claim names the kind rather than a single modern species. 'Colour of the stones adjacent' is read as a body pattern resembling a nearby discrete hard object (rock or stone), not the average of the whole visual field. 'When alarmed' is an alarm, threat, or disturbance context. 'Seeks its prey by so changing its colour' is a prey-approach or hunting context. Concealment photographed without a stated trigger is neither hunting nor alarm. A web-search snippet of this paper's result count was seen before this file was written; the threshold is a majority (greater than one half), taken from the claim's wording that the animal does this, and was not adjusted to that count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha09-22: mixed, confidence 0.64 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha09-22/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public full text or data table that counts individual octopuses and compares each animal's pattern with nearby objects, independent of Aristotle's text. One open-access field study is enough for a typicality claim; it is not a sample of all octopus species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Half or fewer of the octopuses match a nearby object, or the animals match the wide field rather than adjacent objects. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A web-search snippet showed this count before preregistration. The threshold stayed a majority. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Eleven images from one reef (Eilat) are not a sample of all octopuses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Matching a nearby rock, coral, sand patch, or alga is a broader reading than matching only stones. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Octopus cyanea and O. vulgaris are both named; the 10-of-11 count is not split by species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The animals were photographed already camouflaged. The methods do not record a prey approach or an alarm stimulus, so the two occasions Aristotle names are not separated. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation More than half of the octopuses in the study match a nearby object that includes rock or stone, and the study records that behaviour both while approaching prey and when alarmed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion The same fraction is 0.5 or below: refutes (octopuses do not, as a rule, match adjacent objects). Fraction above 0.5 but only one of the two contexts (hunting, alarm/disturbance) is actually measured, or rocks/stones are not among the matched objects: mixed. If the fraction cannot be parsed from the full text: inconclusive, reason data-unavailable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.64 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the octopus hunts by matching the colour of adjacent stones and does the same when alarmed, then in a field image study of octopuses most individuals' body patterns resemble a nearby discrete object, including rock or stone, and that match is recorded in both a prey-approach context and an alarm context. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Parse the full-text XML for the fraction of individuals reported to match a nearby object, and code the study context from the methods as hunting, alarm, or mere concealment. Majority threshold is one half. Both named contexts are required for support; one context with a majority match is mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion From the full text of Josef et al. 2012 (PMC3359305), the fraction of imaged octopuses whose pattern is reported to match a distinct nearby object is greater than 0.5, the matched objects include rock or stone, AND the study records that match both during prey approach (hunting) and during alarm or disturbance. That outcome supports the claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha09-22 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description field image counts of octopus background matching https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY 4.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Josef, Amodio, Fiorito and Shashar 2012, PLOS ONE e37579, Europe PMC full text https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3359305/fullTextXML https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0037579 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:ffd236f61f12123eba51b2951c5b352ecf308a514feec34d336c07b7aaf6d8c5 https://w3id.org/np/RAJ6JlaKL3KSDLd8j-dIIC9Nw5kYzAJX2egq_0flCW06E/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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