https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAIgQmOTgfkMY4KLLh0Q2wDYj3uwJBpL9ATTmQcLGbc2A/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description GBIF species/match confirmed Dryas octopetala and Saxifraga oppositifolia, and occurrence/search with limit 0 counted georeferenced records in the arctic (latitude 66 to 90) and temperate (40 to 54.999) bins for Europe and North America. Neotoma taxa were resolved by taxon name for each species, its genus, and the genus-type pollen name. Occurrences were paged for 11,000 to 21,000 cal yr BP. A lowland hit needs site latitude 40 up to but not including 66, a longitude in Europe or North America, and elevation present and at most 500 m. The species epithet in the taxon name is required for support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 413 Dryas octopetala species-level Neotoma lowland occurrences in the glacial window (n = 533). Interpretation: Darwin's reading tested here is geographic and stratigraphic: the same species now in the far north and in temperate mountains was also in the lowlands between them during the Glacial period. Latitude stands in for arctic versus temperate. It does not identify a summit. Elevation <= 500 m is the lowland rule, and it is applied only where a site records elevation. A genus or pollen-type name is not the species. Two plants in Europe and North America are narrower than arctic-alpine plants and animals. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of darwin1859-ch11-11: supports, confidence 0.4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/darwin-origin/darwin1859-ch11-11/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Georeferenced modern occurrences of the two named species, and dated fossil occurrences in the pre-registered window with a taxon name, coordinates, and elevation. Genus-level pollen may be counted only as a weaker, non-decisive observation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Both species are effectively absent from one of the two modern bins. Absence from Neotoma is not disconfirmation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A Neotoma taxon name that contains the species epithet is counted as species-level under the pre-registration. Many of those rows are pollen datasets, and pollen is a weaker identification than a macrofossil. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A genus or pollen-type name is reported and is not treated as support or as refutation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst GBIF decimalLatitude is inclusive, so the temperate query uses an upper bound of 54.999 to keep the pre-registered bound latitude < 55. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Lowland rows whose dataset type is not pollen: 2. They are genus-level names and were not counted toward support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Species-level lowland pollen rows among the supporting hits: {'Dryas octopetala': 413, 'Saxifraga oppositifolia': 120}. The geographic bins meet the pre-registered counts, and the fossil support is only as strong as those names. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The Neotoma pull stops at 5,000 rows per taxon id. That cap was fixed before the counts. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Two plant species in Europe and North America. Animals, Asia, and separated summits are outside this test. The temperate bin is a latitude band, not a summit. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Zero Neotoma rows would not refute the claim. Elevation above 500 m, or a missing elevation, is not counted as lowland. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Both species have modern occurrences in the arctic bin and the temperate band, and at least one has species-level lowland occurrences in the glacial window. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The geographic premise is REFUTED for these two species if, for both species, one of the two modern bins has fewer than 5 occurrences and the other has at least 30. A genus-only or pollen-type lowland hit is a weaker observation and does not support and does not refute. Zero Neotoma rows in the window is not a refutation. If the only lowland hits are genus or type, or if Neotoma has no species-level lowland rows, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other. If GBIF or Neotoma cannot be fetched, inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. Separated summits, animals, and genetic unity are untested. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict supports https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Dryas octopetala and Saxifraga oppositifolia each live both in the Arctic and in a temperate latitude band of Europe or North America, and species-level remains of at least one of them occur in intervening lowlands during 11,000 to 21,000 cal yr BP. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Occurrence counts in pre-registered latitude, longitude, elevation, and age bins. Species epithet required for a supporting fossil. No test based on adult taxonomy or genes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/darwin1859-ch11-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Species are Dryas octopetala and Saxifraga oppositifolia only. Regions are Europe (longitude -25 to 45) and North America (longitude -170 to -50). Arctic is latitude >= 66. The temperate band is latitude >= 40 and < 55. The glacial window is 11,000 to 21,000 cal yr BP inclusive. A modern bin counts georeferenced GBIF occurrences in that region and latitude, summed across the two regions. SUPPORTS only if both species have at least 30 arctic occurrences and 30 temperate-band occurrences, and at least one species has at least 3 Neotoma occurrences in the window whose taxon name contains the species epithet, whose site latitude is >= 40 and < 66, whose site longitude is in Europe or North America, and whose site elevation is present and <= 500 m. No occurrence subsample. 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