@prefix this: . @prefix sub: . @prefix np: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix prov: . @prefix npx: . @prefix dc: . @prefix xsd: . sub:Head { this: a np:Nanopublication; np:hasAssertion sub:assertion; np:hasProvenance sub:provenance; np:hasPublicationInfo sub:pubinfo . } sub:assertion { a ; dc:description "Galton's child-level table was downloaded and each of the 934 children was compared with the same-sex parent and with the same-sex parent of every other family. A child counted as resembling when their own parent was strictly closer in height than more than half of those other parents. The fraction f = 536/934 was compared with 0.5 by a two-sided binomial test. The planned pedigree supplement was downloaded from figshare and its stored cell text was read: it reports counts of patients with a family cancer history, with no parent identifiers and no per-person phenotype, so no grandparent-parent-grandchild path was scored. Daughter and mother mean heights are both about 64 inches and son and father means are both about 69 inches, so the sex-matched comparison is on one scale within each sex."; "Measured: 0.5739 fraction of children closer in stature to their own same-sex parent than to most other families' same-sex parents (n = 934, two-sided binomial p against 0.5 = 7.11e-06). Interpretation: The sentence has two empirical parts: children mostly resemble their parents or ancestors, and resemblance can reappear in a grandchild after being absent in the child (the Elis example in the same paragraph). 'Resemble' for the usual case is sex-matched stature distance, because Galton measured height and sons and daughters are not the same height as both parents. The skip is a discrete phenotype on a published pedigree, not stature: stature is continuous and two-generational in this series, so it cannot show a trait absent in the child and present in the grandchild. Cancer-predisposition affection is a heritable phenotype, not the skin colour of Aristotle's anecdote; it is used only for the existential 'can' clause. A simulated pedigree does not count. The population rate of skipping is not estimated, because familial ascertainment biases that rate; one recorded skip is enough for 'can'."; "Claim test of aristotle-ha07-17: mixed, confidence 0.66"; ; prov:wasAttributedTo ; "Individual human measurements or a checksummed transcription of a published measurement table, with one row per child and parental heights, for clause U. For clause S, a checksummed paper supplement of real families with parent identifiers and a binary inherited phenotype across three generations. Species-level life-history tables, simulated pedigrees, and encyclopaedia prose are not admissible."; "claim-test/0.1.0"; "biological"; "f at or below 0.50, or f at least 0.60 while every scorable three-generation path in a table of at least 20 paths fails to skip."; "Absolute distance to the same-sex parent ignores resemblance in the other parent and in every trait except height.", "Sons alone are 296/481 = 0.615 and daughters alone are 240/453 = 0.530. The pooled fraction was pre-registered; the sexes were not separate tests.", "Stature in 205 British families measured by Galton is one quantitative trait. It is not the birthmark or the skin colour in Aristotle's examples, and the series is not a population sample.", "The generation-skip clause was not scored. Byrjalsen et al. 2020 Table 10 counts how many pediatric-cancer patients have an affected relative. It is not a list of grandparents, parents and grandchildren.", "The locked bar for 'mostly' was f >= 0.60. The measured 536/934 = 0.5739 is above chance (two-sided binomial p = 7.11e-06) and below that bar, so clause U is intermediate."; "The fraction f of children closer to their own same-sex parent than to most other same-sex parents is at least 0.60 and greater than chance, and at least one grandparent-parent-grandchild path shows the phenotype in the grandparent and grandchild but not in the parent."; "Refutes if f <= 0.50 (children are not closer to their own same-sex parent than to other parents; the 'usually' clause fails). Mixed if 0.50 < f < 0.60, or if U passes and a scorable pedigree table with at least 20 grandparent-parent-grandchild paths contains zero skips. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the stature table cannot be fetched. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if U passes but no admissible pedigree table records affection on a grandparent-parent-grandchild path (the skip clause is then untested). Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if a fetched pedigree file has no parent pointers and no binary phenotype."; "0.66"^^xsd:double; , ; "mixed"; "Most children are closer in a measured trait to their own parent than to other children's parents, and a heritable trait can be present in a grandparent and a grandchild while absent in the parent between them."; "Clause U: f = (number of children with p_i > 0.5) / n, compared with 0.5 by a two-sided binomial test, thresholds f >= 0.60 and p < 0.01 to pass and f <= 0.50 to refute. Clause S: count of skip paths; the existential clause passes at a count of at least 1 and fails only when the count is 0 among at least 20 paths. Both clauses must pass to support the claim."; "Two clauses, both required. (U) Stature, sex-matched: for each child in Galton's family series, d_own is the absolute difference between the child's height and the same-sex parent's height, and p_i is the fraction of other families' same-sex parents who are farther from that child than the child's own parent. A child resembles the parent when p_i > 0.5. Let f be that count divided by the number of children who have a same-sex parent height. Clause U passes if f >= 0.60 and a two-sided exact binomial test of the count against a chance proportion of 0.5 gives p < 0.01. (S) In a real (not simulated) three-generation pedigree table, a skip is one grandparent-parent-grandchild path in which the trait is recorded present in the grandparent, absent in the intervening parent, and present in the grandchild. Clause S passes if the number of such paths is at least 1. The claim passes only if U and S both pass."; "false"^^xsd:boolean . . a ; dc:description "sex-matched parent and child heights for the 'usually resemble' clause"; dc:license "GPL (HistData package). The measurements were published by Galton in 1886 and are out of copyright."; "Dataset: Galton family statures (934 children, 205 families), HistData::GaltonFamilies CSV mirror of the table compiled from Galton 1886"; prov:atLocation , ; prov:wasDerivedFrom ; "sha256:9a8a7a8d6dc4a20616ce6ce2f0f97d5ddd6ac744432529f1b2abd7e8effe4cd1", "sha256:b1fc91e4d4b9604661967dcc62ff1055eaa3020c4d5c42d1f9d588f74b9b3317" . a ; dc:description "planned three-generation pedigree table; the file is an aggregate count table and does not score a skip"; dc:license "CC BY 4.0"; "Dataset: Byrjalsen et al. 2020 Table 10, family pedigree findings for 1st–3rd degree relatives (PLOS Genetics)"; prov:atLocation , ; prov:wasDerivedFrom ; "sha256:86044b530586f061ad308d2fb15fc2003bf91189992bf7df6d01a23e8b4f9e41", "sha256:ad0263b3ba66ddc5c3373da5c3688a1bd0b9ae21cc0f7300e4825e0dde6ac9a5" . } sub:provenance { a prov:SoftwareAgent; "delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-life-history-g-a908)"; prov:actedOnBehalfOf ; . a ; dc:identifier "Grok 4.7" . sub:assertion prov:wasAttributedTo ; prov:wasDerivedFrom ; prov:wasGeneratedBy sub:test . sub:plan prov:hadPlan . sub:test a prov:Activity; prov:qualifiedAssociation sub:plan; prov:wasAssociatedWith . } sub:pubinfo { this: dc:created "2026-11-08T16:24:31.778Z"^^xsd:dateTime; dc:creator ; dc:license ; npx:hasNanopubType ; npx:introduces ; "Claim test of aristotle-ha07-17: mixed, confidence 0.66"; . sub:sig npx:hasAlgorithm "RSA"; npx:hasPublicKey "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB"; npx:hasSignature "ALE/pyyg0xkqrOeZ70iMkcsRsWOXY1u1rjbCNXrasJ5+3djI78jJtZshfTQi/VJ9frk3CWbt+B10vBRnlric/+FY33rm+hlVl54CvCA5C6Br+uEGw2n3xYk8nqP/TUyeEIhTOhVHf6uCegnjyDNxD9fZpZvuMJcF2pBXBtuMaFoSHZA8uppYWycmeUBnWTwB1O9K5t7rJgSxmWObGOg9NHs8XDS8wnxHeANMdZ1/fEfpKPX6gK/tagtDMdE6TvUjh8ByLzpkW0XuuW9Kyim5Zgo6T8QrMBD5gqXjybmLu/D8v34C+r5oY06ILlLQMuG6fJdHgJiZ3faCy3j3LHIiCw=="; npx:hasSignatureTarget this:; npx:signedBy . }