https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py range-extracts 100 RBC and 50 bead ground-truth phase maps, subtracts each map's median, thresholds at 0.25 x the 99th percentile, labels 8-connected components, fills holes, and keeps objects not touching the border with aspect ratio <= 1.3 and footprint diameter >= 12 px. For each object it builds a 1-px radial profile about the centroid, takes r_crest at the profile maximum, fits t = a + b r^2 over pixels with r <= 0.3 r_crest (at least 4 pixels needed), and scores a centre-rim sign change when b > 0 and r_crest >= 0.25 r_edge. Fractions with a sign change in RBCs and beads are judged against the pre-registered thresholds. A sensitivity run with a 4 px bead diameter minimum (not pre-registered) is reported. Per-object rows are in derived/objects.csv, the summary in derived/summary.json. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.7317 fraction of analysable red cells whose upper-surface mean curvature changes sign between the central dimple and the rim crest (n = 1148, 1148 RBC profiles from 100 unique phase maps; pre-registered bead control: 41 analysable beads). Interpretation: Thompson's argument is that a fluid drop held by surface tension alone must have constant mean curvature 1/r1 + 1/r2 everywhere, and the biconcave corpuscle does not. We test the geometric premise on measured cells: a closed surface whose upper face is concave at the centre and convex at the rim cannot have constant mean curvature. The thickness map from quantitative phase imaging is used with the standard mid-plane symmetry assumption. The second clause, that corpuscles become spherical in diluted blood, and the suggested osmotic or fluid-crystal causes are not tested here. Species of the donor blood is taken from the data source's description; scope is mammalian red cells. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of thompson1917-ch05-24: inconclusive, confidence 0.3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch05-24/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Quantitative thickness or phase maps, or 3D reconstructions, of individual unfixed or lightly fixed mammalian red cells at a resolution of >= 12 pixels across a cell, together with a sphere control imaged on the same instrument; public licence; independent of Thompson. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Red cells have dome-like (centrally maximal) thickness profiles like the spheres, i.e. no centre-rim sign change in mean curvature, consistent with a constant-mean-curvature drop. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Descriptively, most red cells do have a central thickness minimum and a rim maximum, as Thompson says. This test only fails to separate that from what the method finds in non-cell objects. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The bead control failed: 38 of the 41 analysable bead objects (93%) show the same centre-rim sign change as the red cells, with a similar central dip (median 51% of the crest). Under the pre-registered rule this means the method manufactures dimples, so the 73% of red cells showing a sign change (1148 profiles; 70% was the pass mark) cannot be counted as support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The dataset description does not state the donor species of the red cells; scope is assumed to be human or mammalian blood. Phase maps are network-training ground truths from one instrument; mid-plane symmetry (z = t/2) is assumed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The pre-registration listed bead files as gt_phase{1..50}.mat; in the archive they are named bead_gt_phase{1..50}.mat, which were used. It listed RBC files gt_phase{1..100}.mat; the archive numbers RBC files in blocks of 50 (1-50, 501-550, 1001-1050, ...), so the first 100 in numeric order (1-50 and 501-550) were used. Both are naming deviations, not changes of criteria. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The sphering-in-diluted-blood clause and Thompson's suggested causes are not tested. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Why the control fails: single 3 um beads are only ~7.6 px across in these maps, too small to give the 4 central pixels the centre fit needs, so none of them is analysable. The beads that pass the 12 px size cut are 12-16 px objects with ring-shaped phase profiles, probably clusters or reconstruction artefacts rather than single spheres. The control therefore tests a different object class from the one intended, and a sphere control at red-cell scale (>= 12 px) would be needed. The 4 px sensitivity run changes nothing, because the extra beads are still too small for the centre fit. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst preregistered_at is the time of the pre-registration commit (0db9ed6a); the committed pre-registration carried an estimated time (21:40Z) written before committing. Data were first fetched after that commit (21:42Z); criteria are unchanged. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Most isolated red cells in quantitative phase maps have a central thickness minimum and a rim maximum, giving opposite-sign mean curvature at centre and rim on the same face; spheres analysed identically do not. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. REFUTES if <= 30% of analysable RBCs show the sign change while <= 10% of beads do (RBCs are dome-like, consistent with a drop). MIXED if between 30% and 70%. INCONCLUSIVE (underpowered) if fewer than 30 analysable RBCs or 10 analysable beads; INCONCLUSIVE (other) if > 10% of beads show a sign change (the method manufactures dimples). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Measured red blood cells have a biconcave thickness profile whose upper surface has mean curvature of opposite sign at the central dimple and at the rim crest, so the cell surface is not of constant mean curvature (not a liquid-drop equilibrium figure), whereas rigid spheres imaged and analysed the same way show no such sign change. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Segmentation of isolated objects, azimuthal thickness profile, sign of the central quadratic coefficient vs the crest curvature, fraction of cells with a sign change compared with the bead control against the pre-registered 70%/30%/10% thresholds. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Data: ground-truth quantitative phase maps of red blood cells (gt_phase1.mat ... gt_phase100.mat, red_blood_cell/train) and of 3 um polystyrene beads (gt_phase1.mat ... gt_phase50.mat, polystyrene_bead/train) from Figshare 21378744. Phase is proportional to optical thickness; the upper surface is taken as z = t/2 (cell symmetric about its mid-plane). Isolated objects are segmented by thresholding the background-subtracted phase, keeping connected components not touching the patch border, with aspect ratio <= 1.3 and footprint diameter >= 12 px. For each object the azimuthally averaged profile t(r) is computed about its centroid; r_crest = radius of maximum t; the centre curvature sign is the sign of b in a fit t(r) = a + b r^2 over r <= 0.3 r_crest. On the upper surface the mean curvature at the crest is negative (convex, since t'(r_crest) = 0 and t'' < 0) and at the centre it is positive (concave) when b > 0 and r_crest >= 0.25 r_edge; that sign change does not depend on the lateral or phase-to-height calibration. SUPPORTS if >= 70% of analysable RBCs show the sign change and <= 10% of analysable beads do. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/thompson1917-ch05-24 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description ground-truth quantitative phase maps of red blood cells (256x256 patches, cells ~21 px across) and of 3 um polystyrene beads (224x224 patches) from one holographic microscope https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Apache 2.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: 3um polystyrene bead & red blood cell & histological slide datasets (Lee, Song, Kim, Ye, Jang), shared for the study 'Deep learning based on parameterized physical forward model for adaptive holographic imaging with unpaired data' https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/38008803 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/21378744 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (claude-opus-5.5; cursor local subagent) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/claude-opus-5-5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/claude-opus-5-5 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier claude-opus-5.5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/claude-opus-5-5 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch05-24/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/test https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/plan https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-opus-5-5 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.897Z https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch05-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of thompson1917-ch05-24: inconclusive, confidence 0.3 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/thompson-growth-form-1917 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature doOvWejlwB2Yg5s3cquIYklq1jD5Or+77FCWBYmvBztgY9JnPfJrY0nxq29kxhT2c35yJjYwI24/VdYNhEgqN7UjN9PqpbQWTnCjdrQSLSHf/YB9VZstK8RXUXyYXK457G0o/2OqODBB7ytTTs6eTd3T42g7IVCaew2giwwRqjBAWSPa6FG1qKocmQEWAU6i3I4wzEa0lO2HC2ddNG6BXuzb2M17Em2YyMhQol7BjZ6jImGgh/f2Ut6/NVA9RI2tNTHRgul5rf5LBqIBOdKNuIcruvWvOlKJqu4vL7Y/zGhEvxaBT1omzIpfiiN3QY1IPnUUEEE0o8XhpMP1Yoa+mQ== https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40 https://w3id.org/np/RAHvbeuQL1OOJ6VlBflHnONseag4aySSXFV7u1VBZ_m40/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192