https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAGv83lQ1PGMyYvy1Dgrn1llVP9X-nakidR3B8o8Ld9n4/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the Europe PMC full-text XML for PMC7151090 and stripped markup. The heart-tube stage and its somite count were read from the sentence that dates the first heart tube. An earlier part is any structure the same article places before that stage. The blood clause was scored only from a sentence that orders heartbeat and the start of blood. One avian series with somites already present, or with heartbeat before blood, refutes the universal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0 scored species in which the heart is earlier than every other named part and already contains blood (n = 1). Interpretation: The sentence scored is only 'For the heart is the first of all the parts to be formed; and no sooner is it formed than it contains blood.' Neighbouring sentences about sensation, the liver, and the leftward inclination are not part of this test. 'Parts' are whatever embryonic structures the fetched source names with a stage. Blooded animals are the vertebrate embryos in that source. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa03-12: refutes, confidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-12/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A checksummed staging table or paper that gives a stage for the heart and for at least one other part in the same species. AnAge, FishBase, PanTHERIA, AVONET, GBIF, NCBI taxonomy, WoRMS and PBDB do not record organ-formation order; they are not used as positive evidence. A sentence that restates the claim without a stage comparison is not admissible. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Any other named part is already present when the heart first appears, or the heart is recorded before it contains blood. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Somites, the primitive streak and the head are parts, but they are not viscera. A reading limited to the viscera is not timed here, because the liver is not given a stage. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The blood sentence reports Malpighi's observation. A later sentence says the heart pumps blood while it is forming, at about HH10, which is after the heart tube's first appearance. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The denominator is one model, the chick embryo. That is enough to reject a claim about every blooded animal, and it is not a survey of blooded animals. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The file is a review's staging compilation, not a new series of embryos counted for this test. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation For each scored blooded species, the heart's first stage is earlier than every other named part, and blood is recorded inside the heart at that stage. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refute if any scored species has another named part at an earlier or equal stage than the heart, including a heart-tube stage that the same source already counts in somites (somite count at least 1), or if the source states that the heart is formed before it contains blood. If the fetched file lists only heart events and no other part, the order variable is absent and the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A narrative sentence that merely repeats the claim is not a measurement. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis In blooded-animal embryos the heart is formed at an earlier stage than every other named part, and blood is already inside the heart at that stage. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Compare stage labels or somite counts within each species. One species in which another part is already present refutes the universal. Support requires the blood clause as well and a denominator of at least 3 species. Otherwise inconclusive, with reason data-unavailable if the comparison is missing and underpowered if the pattern is positive but the denominator is under 3. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. From a fetched staging table or the Europe PMC full text of PMC7151090, extract the earliest stated stage of the heart or heart tube and any other named embryonic part scored in the same species. Supports only if, for every species with both a heart stage and at least one other part, the heart stage is strictly earlier and the same source states that blood is already inside the heart at that stage, and at least 3 species are scored. 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