https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the five FishBase v25.04 parquet tables, hashed them, and joined morphdat to species, families, and orders on SpecCode, FamCode, and Ordnum. Sharks and dogfish are Elasmobranchii excluding batoid orders named in the pre-registration. Each non-empty SexualAttributes value was classed as a male-clasper code or as disconfirming, and the species pass rate was compared with the pre-registered thresholds. Rays and holocephalans are counted in extra and are not in the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.6667 proportion of scored shark species with a male-clasper code and no disconfirming row (n = 6). Interpretation: The quote says cartilaginous fishes 'in some species' show this male character; the claim sentence extends it to all sharks and dogfish. Both readings are scored by the same pass rate: at least 0.95 supports both, 0.80 to 0.95 is mixed, below 0.80 refutes the universal claim. 'Two appendages hanging down near the vent' is mapped to FishBase SexualAttributes values containing claspers marked male. The database does not count the appendages; the plural organ name is accepted unless the text says one, single, or unpaired. Rays are outside the claim's 'sharks and dogfish' and are excluded. Dogfish are sharks in this table and are not separated. This does not test whether the appendages are intromittent organs, only whether the sex difference is recorded. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha05-03: inconclusive, confidence 0.4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-03/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level compilation of chondrichthyan external anatomy, assembled independently of Aristotle's text, that scores specialized sex organs for both sexes and can be restricted to sharks rather than rays. Family and order tables are used only to apply that scope. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A substantial share of scored shark or dogfish species lack a male-clasper code, or any species is coded with claspers in females or with a single unpaired clasper. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A web-search snippet of the FishBase morphology page for Raja clavata, a ray, displayed 'Specialized organs: claspers (m)'. That one rendered page identified the field. It is not a shark and is not part of the measured sample. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst After the run, SexualAttributes is filled for 6 of 566 non-batoid elasmobranch species, so the pre-registered minimum of 30 scored species is not met. Rays account for most elasmobranch clasper codes and are outside the verdict. Galeus priapus is coded 'gonopodium (m)' and Megachasma pelagios is coded 'no special organs'; both are scored non-passes, and neither code is a count of appendages. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Before this registration, only parquet column names were read (footer schema of FishBase v25.04 morphdat, species, families, orders, and classes). No SexualAttributes values and no species counts were read. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Blank SexualAttributes is treated as unscored. A filled value that never mentions claspers is treated as a scored absence, which can refute the universal claim if it is common. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In scored sharks and dogfish, the specialized sex-organ field records claspers as a male character, which is FishBase's name for the paired appendages by the vent, and does not record them for females. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered (refutes). The pass rate among scored shark species is below 0.80, or at least three scored species are disconfirming because claspers are coded for females, coded as unpaired, or the specialized-organ field is filled without claspers. If the pass rate is at least 0.80 and below 0.95, the verdict is mixed (the quote's 'in some species' can hold while the claim's 'all species' does not). If no row contains the token clasper, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. If the token occurs but fewer than 30 shark species are scored, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, every shark and dogfish species that has been scored for specialized sex organs has two claspers in the male and none in the female. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Species-level pass rate on the pre-registered male-clasper code, among Elasmobranchii excluding batoids, with thresholds 0.95 (supports), below 0.80 (refutes), and the interval between them mixed. Unscored species are excluded from the rate, not counted as failures. Holocephalans are reported and not included in the rate. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered (supports). Using FishBase v25.04 morphdat.SexualAttributes joined to species and families: restrict to class Elasmobranchii, excluding batoid orders (order scientific name matching rajiformes|myliobatiformes|torpediniformes|rhinopristiformes|rhinobatiformes|pristiformes|platyrhiniformes, or order common name matching rays, skates, guitarfish, sawfish, or torpedo). A species is scored if at least one morphdat row has non-empty SexualAttributes. A row is a male-clasper code if the lowercased value contains 'clasper' and a male marker ('(m)' or the word male) and does not match 'one clasper', 'single clasper', or 'unpaired clasper'. A row is disconfirming if it matches those unpaired phrases, or contains 'clasper' together with a female marker ('(f)' or 'female') and no male marker, or is non-empty and contains neither 'clasper' nor an explicit statement that the character was not examined. A species passes if it has at least one male-clasper row and no disconfirming row; otherwise, if it is scored, it fails. Supports only if the number of scored shark species is at least 30 and the pass rate is at least 0.95. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha05-03 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description specialized sex organs (SexualAttributes) for fishes, restricted to sharks with the family and order tables https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 4.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: FishBase v25.04 tables (morphdat, species, families, orders, classes), parquet mirror distributed with rfishbase https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/classes.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/families.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/morphdat.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/orders.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/species.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:02bfae694deed266250e58ecebf4b10af595178944c431612e865cb37dc563e4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:3f09bbb09c1c10219277f35b4f8c42aebedd5f1b8e00ebdfdeb0e16574b0e090 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:7078e696cec600ff6243c0088c0dfcf3a829ec02caeea5b6ec83a3178321d5ef https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:a0f33b60ffbc1950ae8b57f652fd0b327f7d00713602c0f4e847ca1d8c8f69a0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:c893e3a8eee9f3f8ccdc8f3f0bafb3deeab674c705bc70f992a14bc9bf17c28e https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/aristotle-claim-tests-ec43) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier grok-4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-03/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/test https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/plan https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.760Z https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha05-03: inconclusive, confidence 0.4 https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature DqOzKahHHmmOkNnED4mFHuS/w8GG0LllXsK1W7clOFCSQQRCND7ySCIWmsb4ADvpCvUXy4NW1BJYs73QDD58XFvpqysETpT6xdf41xPBBaulRLVS7nTwl++br2KcbUXdr7gwhrJ3IoFacyhf3LEluD4iXoyCBsHIpTTDpUAATDAEQ4ChJ1ute7Tmu+YgcI8LY7TY4hVVzdrk9YiVQEZsY2EesZWbyY1P2kFm0CpY9PDX6DlHXrjil/zMUmRPhs6iyddFiWtjkRP2txuTF8dOiBPIDugfsFs+QU6NoJioiqpWv8iaRR0j7nB981ho9kz8dpABWxPbfsksTCaB3Tpf0w== https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A https://w3id.org/np/RAFjZIi7Tt8We1RosVAMcWIodlPbwlSzGqrE-K1TM-B8A/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192