https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAD_QLS4OHH66gP3--HeQrzCQiXixoDCxHriQz_H-Swok/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py reads the Dryad dataset record for its license, then downloads Carnivora Data (Mammal Supertree).xlsx. Dryad fronts that URL with a proof-of-work page; the script solves it and checks the workbook header before reading. It looks up Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus, Martes martes and Mustela nivalis in the Binomial column and reads Baculum Presence. The Schultz supplement is not fetched, because all four kinds are in this table. Scores are combined by the pre-registered rule. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 4 named kinds scored baculum-present (n = 4). Interpretation: Aristotle's 'bony' penis is the baculum (os penis). The four animals are the red fox, grey wolf, European pine marten and least weasel, the species those names denote in the Mediterranean fauna he is describing. 'In some animals' is read as an existence claim illustrated by these four, so the test is whether those four have the bone, not whether every carnivore does. Presence is scored from a published comparative table, not from a verbal species account. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha02-05: supports, confidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha02-05/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A downloaded comparative table that scores baculum presence or absence for named mammal species, with a checksum. The table must be independent of this repository. A narrative statement that carnivores have a baculum, without a species row, does not count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Any one of those four species is coded baculum-absent. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Baculum Presence is a literature code in Brindle and Opie (2016), not a specimen measured for this test. All four rows have source code 2. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Fox, wolf, marten and weasel are read as Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus, Martes martes and Mustela nivalis. Martes foina is also in the table and is also coded present; the verdict uses Martes martes because that row exists. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The claim says the penis is bony in some animals, illustrated by these four. Other carnivores are not part of the pass rule. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus, Martes martes and Mustela nivalis are each coded baculum-present. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Any of the four named kinds scored baculum-absent refutes the claim. A table that does not contain a baculum-presence field is not a score, and the verdict is inconclusive with reason not-operationalizable if that is the only file obtained. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict supports https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, a comparative table of baculum presence scores the penis bone as present in the fox, the wolf, the marten and the weasel. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Score each of the four names against the species row. Pass only if at least three are present in the table and none is absent. One absent row refutes. Fewer than three matched rows is inconclusive (underpowered), and no file is inconclusive (data-unavailable). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha02-05--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Map fox to Vulpes vulpes, wolf to Canis lupus, marten to Martes martes (Martes foina if martes is absent), weasel to Mustela nivalis. A row counts as present when the baculum field is 1, yes, present or Y, and as absent when it is 0, no, absent or N. Pass if at least 3 of the 4 kinds are in the table and every kind that is in the table is scored present. Fail if any named kind is scored absent. If fewer than 3 kinds are in the first table, apply the same rule to the second planned table. If neither table can be fetched, inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. 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