. . . . "Each Europe PMC XML was split into sentences. Charonia or triton sentences were scored from PMC5519703: proboscis-bores-shell required a shell perforation named with the proboscis or radula; does-not-bore required the proboscis to penetrate or be inserted into an echinoderm with no shell-boring sentence. Muricid sentences were scored from the other three papers, and a sentence naming Stramonita haemastoma met the muricid rule. The claim passes only if both kinds are proboscis-bores-shell. Both kinds were scored and the trumpet-shell was not, so the conjunction refutes. The denominator is the two named kinds." . . "Measured: 0.5 fraction of the two named kinds (purple murex, trumpet-shell) scored proboscis-bores-shell (n = 2, kinds scored: 2 of 2). Interpretation: The sentence is about two testaceans, the purple murex and the ceryx (trumpet-shell), and it says their proboscis bores through the shells of the shellfish they eat. Purple murex is scored as Muricidae. Trumpet-shell is scored as Charonia, the giant triton, not as every tonnoidean. Boring a hole in a shell is the observation. Eating an echinoderm by pushing the proboscis into its body is not boring a shell. The accessory boring organ, when a paper places it in the foot, is not the proboscis." . "Claim test of aristotle-ha04-08: refutes, confidence 0.73" . . . "Checksummed papers that report feeding or shell-drilling observations for Muricidae and for Charonia. A diet list that does not say whether a shell was perforated is not enough. FishBase is fishes and is not admissible." . "claim-test/0.1.0" . "biological" . "Either kind is described as not perforating shells, or as perforating them with an organ other than the proboscis." . "Mondal et al. 2021 count drillholes and say some could be muricid, but they expect mostly naticid holes and do not name a proboscis. That paper is not the muricid sentence that was scored." . "The Cassidae sentence in the triton paper, about boring a sea-urchin body wall with a radula and proboscis, is a different family and was not scored as Charonia." . "The purple murex is scored from Stramonita haemastoma, a muricid, not from a species named Murex. The sentence says the accessory boring organ and the radula drill the bivalve shell and the proboscis is inserted into the hole. That meets the pre-registered muricid rule because the radula takes part. It is one species standing for the kind Aristotle names." . "The trumpet-shell is Charonia. PMC5519703 records the proboscis penetrating a crown-of-thorns starfish. No sentence in that paper says Charonia bores a mollusc shell. One of two kinds fails, so the conjunction refutes." . "n is the two named kinds, not a count of individual snails." . "A checksummed account of Muricidae and a checksummed account of Charonia each say that the animal perforates a prey shell and that the proboscis takes part." . "Refutes if both kinds are scored and at least one is not proboscis-bores-shell. A kind that the same papers describe as feeding by inserting the proboscis into soft tissue without perforating a shell is does-not-bore. A kind described as drilling shells with an accessory boring organ or the foot, and not with the proboscis, is bores-not-proboscis. A kind described as drilling shells with the organ unnamed is bores-organ-unnamed. All three are not proboscis-bores-shell. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if exactly one kind is scored. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if neither paper states a feeding or drilling act for either kind. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if the papers name the animals and do not say whether a shell is perforated." . "0.73"^^ . . . . . "refutes" . "Both the purple murex (Muricidae) and the trumpet-shell (Charonia) perforate the shells of shelled prey with the proboscis." . "Two kinds, scored independently as proboscis-bores-shell or not. The claim passes only if both are. It refutes if both are scored and either is not. One scored kind is underpowered." . "Each named kind is scored from a checksummed paper, separately. A kind is proboscis-bores-shell only if a sentence names that kind (Muricidae, muricid, murex or Stramonita for the purple murex; Charonia or triton for the trumpet-shell) together with a shell perforation (bore, drill or borehole) and names the proboscis or the radula it carries as taking part. The claim passes only if both kinds are proboscis-bores-shell. The denominator is the two named kinds." . "false"^^ . . "feeding of Charonia: proboscis penetration of a starfish, not a shell" . "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" . . "Dataset: Bose et al. 2017, giant triton salivary gland and feeding on crown-of-thorns starfish" . . . "sha256:3bc7131fa48bc580d571f664b68e942e6c8ae75db4c85f88676e9e47b5196730" . "drillhole census; fetched because it names muricid drilling. It did not supply the muricid sentence that was scored" . "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" . . "Dataset: Mondal et al. 2021, drillholes on the eastern Indian coast" . . . "sha256:eadaf3e2f8a1e5e29c44dc1c7f91c1d1f4c68fed07032007b6b0ca33de52b5c1" . "mentions muricids that drill; the scored muricid sentence is in the Stramonita paper" . "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" . . "Dataset: Fedosov et al. 2025, venom glands of marine predatory snails" . . . "sha256:88f81f41a203e38b7e1b2a5575cc5e2a42ed4b1be2fb00315c6b111236166989" . "Stramonita haemastoma (Muricidae) drills bivalve shells with the accessory boring organ and radula, and the proboscis is inserted into the hole" . "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" . . "Dataset: Ringeval et al. 2026, toxin organs of Monoplex corrugatus and Stramonita haemastoma" . . . "sha256:5b501e093690b183f8fce74bd997beedf746be54e5e7e5f2de2ede9d8087ea6d" . . "delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-life-history-g-a908)" . . . "Grok 4.7" . . . . . . . . . "2026-11-08T16:24:31.757Z"^^ . . . . . "Claim test of aristotle-ha04-08: refutes, confidence 0.73" . . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" . "paTkuThFFy6/zy9eN3iD/9SAZNdRqeqwcd18jnmUwmcnjxiK14CxP33MhMwzji7ZyLWSFNof0Bg/TFvZxMUJaVixZdiM0QWkHbpIxGtngrbfVXg1f/ETBiynqPBizdxtwy+7C51Wkw0yKKwuwJuMzzI+Ad1UAXHV6MOsqt8QzDdmO7WDCCPrueK9chNAQ92tpMZ8sjN0oVaT29ciTi7xtq0OzVhnscbBJK+IxLj8wdW3dPepCo/9vtcE6CC8gRUBn6WD8b1eK0ODXTjGxEvj6SR2yNHyq9pFM1BZB5gnsQ91KjUG1x2PjRzDsYsv1EjLQJnR6/QRkwx0V4+Ef6cpIw==" . . .