https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAAnckTWC0C4AdYTp_yWBOF50WaNCH8-HOJYImSTOLOBM/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the AnAge zip, read the tab-separated species table, and kept class Aves after dropping common names containing domestic or feral and dropping Gallus gallus. Litters/Clutches per year was parsed as a number or as the midpoint of a range. Once is (0.5, 1.5] and twice is (1.5, 2.5]. The denominator is parsed species. Hirundo rustica and Turdus merula were looked up by binomial and not replaced. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.7983 share of parsed bird species with clutches per year in (0.5, 1.5] (n = 476, species-level compiled values; a range is its midpoint). Interpretation: Wild birds are AnAge species in class Aves after dropping rows whose common name says domestic or feral, and dropping Gallus gallus, the barn-door hen Aristotle sets apart from wild birds in the next sentence. 'As a general rule' is a majority of species with data, not a majority of individual birds and not a share near one. 'Breed once' and 'breed twice' are the recorded litters or clutches per year, not the number of broods successfully reared. The swallow is Hirundo rustica and the blackbird is Turdus merula, the species those English names denote in the Mediterranean. A range is scored at its midpoint so that a recorded '1-2' is not forced into either bin; the flag is reported and does not change the bins. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha05-16: inconclusive, confidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-16/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level table of birds giving a numeric clutches-per-year or broods-per-year, with scientific names, compiled independently of Aristotle. AnAge's litters/clutches-per-year field qualifies. Nest-record schemes that are not a downloadable table do not. Wikipedia does not. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Half or fewer of those species lie in (0.5, 1.5], or either named species is present with a value outside (1.5, 2.5]. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Clutches per year is a literature compilation, often one typical number for a species, and is richer for temperate birds. It is not a count of wild nests. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The AnAge column list used to name the field is the public schema in the datawookie/anage download script (headers include Litters/Clutches per year). The zip was not downloaded before this registration. Byte size 169150 was read from the HTTP Content-Length header only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Turdus merula is an AnAge row (common blackbird) whose Litters/Clutches per year cell is empty, so the twice-a-year clause was not measured. No other species was substituted. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Among wild bird species with a numeric litters-or-clutches-per-year value, more than half lie in (0.5, 1.5], and Hirundo rustica and Turdus merula both lie in (1.5, 2.5]. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The claim is refuted if n >= 50 and p <= 0.50. Confidence is 0.75 if p < 0.40 and 0.60 otherwise. The claim is mixed if the rule clause passes and at least one of the two named species is present and parsed but is not twice. Confidence on mixed is 0.65. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if the column exists but n < 50 (confidence 0.55). Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the zip cannot be fetched or no clutches-per-year column can be identified (confidence 0.80). Inconclusive, reason other, if the rule clause passes but one or both of Hirundo rustica and Turdus merula is absent or unparseable (confidence 0.60): the named exception was not measured, so the conjunction is not supported. No other species is substituted for those two binomials. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, most wild bird species with a recorded clutches-per-year value breed once a year, and the barn swallow and the common blackbird breed twice. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Parse the AnAge field as a point or a range midpoint. Exclude domestic and feral common names and Gallus gallus. p is the share of parsed bird species whose value is in (0.5, 1.5], denominator n. Twice is (1.5, 2.5]. Apply pass_criterion and fail_criterion. The denominator is species with a parsed value, not all birds. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. From the AnAge build distributed as https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip, keep Class Aves. Drop a row if the common-name field contains 'domestic' or 'feral' (case-insensitive) or the binomial is Gallus gallus. Parse the column whose header is exactly 'Litters/Clutches per year', or if that header is absent the unique header containing both 'Clutch' and 'year'. A single number is that number. A range a-b (hyphen or en dash) is the midpoint, and is flagged as a range. Anything else is unparseable and leaves the denominator. 'Once' means the parsed value is greater than 0.5 and at most 1.5. 'Twice' means the parsed value is greater than 1.5 and at most 2.5. Let p be the share of parsed rows that are once, and n the number of parsed rows. The rule clause passes if n >= 50 and p > 0.50. The exception clause passes if both Hirundo rustica and Turdus merula are present as parsed rows and both are twice. The claim is supported only if both clauses pass. 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