https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Spearman correlations of offspring number against adult body mass. Mammals, birds and reptiles come from the Amniote Life-History Database, with -999 read as missing. Terrestrial mammals exclude bats, the orders Cetacea and Sirenia, and the named whale and sirenian families. Fishes use FishBase v25.04 absolute fecundity (midpoint of min and max when both are positive, otherwise the minimum). Body weight was taken from the same fecundity record and averaged as a species median. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: -0.6155440486229524 Spearman rho, terrestrial-mammal litter size vs adult body mass (full verdict uses all three groups) (n = 2696, two-sided p = 6.180e-281). Interpretation: Walking animals are terrestrial mammals, with reptiles reported as a second walking class because the database separates them. Flying animals are birds, including flightless species (no flight trait is in the file). Swimming animals are fishes, and offspring number is absolute fecundity (eggs or embryos in a ripe female), not relative fecundity. The nutriment-allocation mechanism is not tested. Missing database values of -999 or non-positive numbers are treated as absent. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga04-15: refutes, confidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga04-15/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Published species-level compilations of adult body mass and litter, clutch or absolute fecundity for mammals, birds and fishes, assembled independently of Aristotle's text, with missing values coded rather than imputed for this test. Relative fecundity (eggs per unit mass) is not admissible, because it already divides by size. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A non-negative rank correlation (rho >= 0) in at least two of those three groups: larger species would then not produce fewer young. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A rank correlation is an across-species pattern. It does not show that nutriment is diverted from offspring to growth, and it is not phylogenetically controlled. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Field names FecundityMin and BodyWeight were visible in vendored FishBase extracts for a few named species while searching the repository for a fecundity table. Those values were not used to choose the threshold. The full fecundity table was not opened. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Registration written before either data file was opened in this session. Column names were taken from the Ecological Archives E096-269 metadata and from the column names already used by an earlier test script in this repository. The archive page states that the compilers regressed litter size on body mass during quality control; that slope was not read and is not used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Spearman rho between adult body mass and litter, clutch or absolute fecundity is negative and at least -0.20, with two-sided p < 0.01, separately in terrestrial mammals, birds and fishes, each with at least 40 species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if at least two of the three groups (walking, flying, swimming) have n >= 40 and Spearman rho >= 0. A single group with rho >= 0, or a negative but weak correlation, does not by itself refute the claim; that pattern is mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Among walking mammals, flying birds and swimming fishes, species with larger adult body mass produce fewer young per litter, clutch or spawning bout. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Spearman rank correlation, two-sided, on species medians. No phylogenetic regression and no outlier deletion. Group rules and the three-group decision are those in pass_criterion and fail_criterion. Reptiles, bats, whales and sirenians are reported and do not silently enter the terrestrial-mammal set. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Within each of three groups, compute the Spearman rank correlation (two-sided) between adult body mass and offspring number, using only species with both values positive. A group passes if n >= 40, rho < -0.20 and p < 0.01. A group fails if n >= 40 and rho >= 0. A group is weak if n >= 40 and rho < 0 but rho >= -0.20 or p >= 0.01. A group is underpowered if n < 40. Walking uses terrestrial mammals (class Mammalia, excluding orders Chiroptera, Cetacea and Sirenia, and excluding the whale and sirenian families listed in the script). If Reptilia also has n >= 40, walking passes only if both mammals and reptiles pass, fails only if both fail, and is otherwise weak. Flying is class Aves. Swimming is fishes: species median of absolute fecundity against median body weight on the same FishBase fecundity record; if fewer than 40 species have a paired weight, the pre-registered fallback joins species-median absolute fecundity to FishBase species.Weight. The claim is supported only if walking, flying and swimming all pass. It is refuted if at least two groups fail. It is inconclusive with reason underpowered if fewer than two groups are measured (n >= 40). Every other pattern is mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga04-15 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description adult body mass and litter or clutch size for mammals, birds and reptiles https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Amniote Life-History Database (Myhrvold et al. 2015) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/Data_Files/Amniote_Database_Aug_2015.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:ae16377ebe8a172949c2b8c200a50c5d0c7fc04d34bd3c9704635da4a4d51f53 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description absolute fecundity and body weight of fishes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 4.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: FishBase v25.04 fecundity and species tables (rfishbase parquet mirror) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/fecundity.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/species.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.fishbase.se/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:02bfae694deed266250e58ecebf4b10af595178944c431612e865cb37dc563e4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:a80778e28bd4584b60b2d34d52ff5db2509839fc25121256df15844f4cbd2e91 https://w3id.org/np/RAATMUoNUbNCye--fCtyx22vHevECPN068GPv8zLthqYM/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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