https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA9vcO90LrTbqjlppqNPvaNMbz1yP5eUIDt2PK7TJ4R7U/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Listed valid Lophius binomials from FishBase v25.04, fetched each species-summary page, cut the Biology slice, and applied the registered anatomy, lure-use and burial substrings. The fisheries sense of 'used as bait' was not counted as the fish using a lure. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.1429 fraction of scored Lophius accounts with anatomy, lure use and burial (n = 7). Interpretation: The fishing-frog is the angler of the genus Lophius, the shallow-water genus Aristotle could have seen, not the deep-sea ceratioid anglers. 'Filaments ... in front of its eyes ... round at the tips ... used as baits' while the fish is hidden in sand and mud is scored as three pieces: the illicium or esca is present, it is described as a lure, and the account mentions burial in sand or mud. The test uses what the compiled accounts say. It does not measure a video of a strike. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha09-17: mixed, confidence 0.5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha09-17/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets The public FishBase species list for genus Lophius and the public species-summary pages, which compile the anatomical and biological literature. A page is admissible only if a Biology section can be cut out, so that diet and fisheries sentences elsewhere on the page cannot trip the lure words. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Scored Lophius accounts do not mention an illicium, esca, filament or first dorsal spine at all. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A refutation by absence of the words would be weak, so absence refutes only when several scored pages exist and none of them has the anatomical terms, and confidence on that refutation is capped at 0.45. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Before registration, the Lophius-piscatorius summary URL returned HTTP 200 on HEAD, the body was not read, and species.parquet was not opened. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Keyword counts on a compiled account are a coarser measurement than a filmed feeding sequence. A pass means the accounts state the three pieces, not that this session timed a predation event. Confidence on a pass is capped at 0.6. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation At least two thirds of scored Lophius accounts name the head filament and say that it lures prey while the fish is hidden in sand or mud. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The claim is refuted only if at least 3 species are scored and the anatomy match count is 0. If at least 3 are scored and anatomy matches for at least 2/3 but full support is below 2/3, the verdict is mixed (the filament is in the accounts, the lure-while-buried sequence is not). If fewer than 3 species are scored, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. Pages that fail to return HTTP 200 are unscored, not contradictions. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, FishBase species accounts for the genus Lophius describe a head filament (illicium or esca) that is used to lure prey, and they describe the fish as hidden in sand or mud while it does so. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Fixed substring rules on the Biology slice, then a two-thirds threshold on the full-support fraction. No weights and no second coder. The fisheries sense of 'used as bait' is excluded up front. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-17--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Species are the valid Lophius binomials in FishBase v25.04 species.parquet (Genus Lophius, a non-empty species epithet, epithet not sp or spp). For each, fetch https://www.fishbase.se/summary/{Genus}-{Species}.html and score the biology slice: text from the first 'Biology' heading until Life cycle, Diet, Main reference, or 4000 characters, whichever comes first. If there is no Biology heading, the species is unscored. Anatomy matches if the slice contains illicium, esca, filament or 'first dorsal spine'. Use matches if the slice contains illicium or esca, or 'as a lure' or 'to lure', or filament/illicium/esca in the same sentence as attract, prey or lure. 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