https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA9XxZR5MpMKGPAU7ztU1JOsNkjMG2wZ-XduOQYM_L8oE/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Passed Dryad's proof-of-work gate on one TLS connection, identified shark_modepruned_E.csv from the signed filename, hashed the bytes, and counted the mode column. The Wilson 95 percent interval for the Egg-laying proportion was compared with the pre-registered bounds 0.10 (lower) and 0.05 (upper). Shell softness and egg colour are not columns, so a parity fit is mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.45559 proportion of coded species with mode Egg-laying (n = 957, Wilson 95% CI [0.424277, 0.487258]). Interpretation: Aristotle's selachians in this passage are the cartilaginous fishes that form an egg in the uterus and then bear the young alive. The test maps that contrast onto egg-laying versus any live-bearing mode (yolk-only, oophagy, uterine milk, placental) in a species checklist of sharks and rays. Chimaeras are outside the file. 'Soft-shelled and of one colour' is part of the sentence and is untested unless the file contains those fields. One species checklist cannot show that every individual bears live young. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga03-01 (pr-101): refutes, confidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga03-01/pr-101/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level coding of reproductive mode for sharks and rays, compiled independently of Aristotle, with an explicit egg-laying class and at least 100 coded species. Shell colour is used only if the same file records it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Egg-laying species are common: the 95 percent lower bound on their proportion is at least 10 percent. Horny external egg cases are the opposite of a class that brings forth live young. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A Zenodo record for the same DOI (10.5281/zenodo.14743914) contains the R script only, not the CSV. The CSV is taken from Dryad. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The Dryad landing page and its linkset were read before registration. The linkset names the licence CC0-1.0. The landing page describes shark_modepruned_E.csv as species plus a mode column, with values Egg-laying, Live-bearing_with_oophagy, Live-bearing_with_uterine_milk, Placental_viviparity, and Yolk-only_viviparity on the companion pruned files. The CSV was not downloaded. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The paper abstract on that landing page says egg-laying is widespread among skates and rays. A refutation is the expected direction. The 0.10 and 0.05 thresholds were taken from the wording of a class-wide claim, not from a proportion computed on this file. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Among sharks and rays with a coded mode in the corrected Katona coding, species that lay eggs are rare, under 5 percent at the upper confidence bound. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered (claim refuted). The claim is refuted if the Wilson 95 percent lower bound on the Egg-laying proportion is at least 0.10 (egg-laying is common in the class, not a rare exception). If the lower bound is below 0.10 and the upper bound is at least 0.05, the verdict is mixed. If fewer than 100 species have a non-missing mode, or shark_modepruned_E.csv cannot be retrieved, or it has no species and mode columns, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If cartilaginous fishes as a class form an internal egg and give birth to live young, then egg-laying is exceptional among sharks and rays with a coded reproductive mode. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod The proportion of species whose mode is Egg-laying, with a Wilson 95 percent interval (z = 1.959963984540054). Thresholds are 0.05 on the upper bound and 0.10 on the lower bound, as stated in the criteria. Other mode labels are live-bearing and are not split for the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-01--claim-test--pr-101 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. This dataset has no column for shell softness or egg colour, so the verdict 'supports' is not available: a live-birth generalization that fits the file still leaves the shell clause untested, and the verdict is then mixed. The parity part is treated as fitting if the Wilson 95 percent interval for the proportion of species coded Egg-laying has an upper bound below 0.05. 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