@prefix this: . @prefix sub: . @prefix np: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix prov: . @prefix npx: . @prefix dc: . @prefix xsd: . sub:Head { this: a np:Nanopublication; np:hasAssertion sub:assertion; np:hasProvenance sub:provenance; np:hasPublicationInfo sub:pubinfo . } sub:assertion { a ; dc:description "Passed Dryad's proof-of-work gate on one TLS connection, identified shark_modepruned_E.csv from the signed filename, hashed the bytes, and counted the mode column. The Wilson 95 percent interval for the Egg-laying proportion was compared with the pre-registered bounds 0.10 (lower) and 0.05 (upper). Shell softness and egg colour are not columns, so a parity fit is mixed."; "Measured: 0.45559 proportion of coded species with mode Egg-laying (n = 957, Wilson 95% CI [0.424277, 0.487258]). Interpretation: Aristotle's selachians in this passage are the cartilaginous fishes that form an egg in the uterus and then bear the young alive. The test maps that contrast onto egg-laying versus any live-bearing mode (yolk-only, oophagy, uterine milk, placental) in a species checklist of sharks and rays. Chimaeras are outside the file. 'Soft-shelled and of one colour' is part of the sentence and is untested unless the file contains those fields. One species checklist cannot show that every individual bears live young."; "Claim test of aristotle-ga03-01 (pr-101): refutes, confidence 0.86"; ; prov:wasAttributedTo ; "A public species-level coding of reproductive mode for sharks and rays, compiled independently of Aristotle, with an explicit egg-laying class and at least 100 coded species. Shell colour is used only if the same file records it."; "claim-test/0.1.0"; "biological"; "Egg-laying species are common: the 95 percent lower bound on their proportion is at least 10 percent. Horny external egg cases are the opposite of a class that brings forth live young."; "A Zenodo record for the same DOI (10.5281/zenodo.14743914) contains the R script only, not the CSV. The CSV is taken from Dryad.", "The Dryad landing page and its linkset were read before registration. The linkset names the licence CC0-1.0. The landing page describes shark_modepruned_E.csv as species plus a mode column, with values Egg-laying, Live-bearing_with_oophagy, Live-bearing_with_uterine_milk, Placental_viviparity, and Yolk-only_viviparity on the companion pruned files. The CSV was not downloaded.", "The paper abstract on that landing page says egg-laying is widespread among skates and rays. A refutation is the expected direction. The 0.10 and 0.05 thresholds were taken from the wording of a class-wide claim, not from a proportion computed on this file."; "Among sharks and rays with a coded mode in the corrected Katona coding, species that lay eggs are rare, under 5 percent at the upper confidence bound."; "Pre-registered (claim refuted). The claim is refuted if the Wilson 95 percent lower bound on the Egg-laying proportion is at least 0.10 (egg-laying is common in the class, not a rare exception). If the lower bound is below 0.10 and the upper bound is at least 0.05, the verdict is mixed. If fewer than 100 species have a non-missing mode, or shark_modepruned_E.csv cannot be retrieved, or it has no species and mode columns, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable."; "0.86"^^xsd:double; ; "refutes"; "If cartilaginous fishes as a class form an internal egg and give birth to live young, then egg-laying is exceptional among sharks and rays with a coded reproductive mode."; "The proportion of species whose mode is Egg-laying, with a Wilson 95 percent interval (z = 1.959963984540054). Thresholds are 0.05 on the upper bound and 0.10 on the lower bound, as stated in the criteria. Other mode labels are live-bearing and are not split for the verdict."; "Pre-registered. This dataset has no column for shell softness or egg colour, so the verdict 'supports' is not available: a live-birth generalization that fits the file still leaves the shell clause untested, and the verdict is then mixed. The parity part is treated as fitting if the Wilson 95 percent interval for the proportion of species coded Egg-laying has an upper bound below 0.05. That outcome is recorded as mixed, not supports."; "false"^^xsd:boolean . . a ; dc:description "species-level reproductive mode of sharks and rays, corrected coding"; dc:license "CC0-1.0"; "Dataset: Hughes and Blackburn 2025 reanalysis, corrected Katona et al. 2023 reproductive modes (shark_modepruned_E.csv)"; prov:atLocation ; prov:wasDerivedFrom ; "sha256:ea9d1b989bee8941eb0e9f89cb6457f22bd5e13b3d5b5777066a18eee709923d" . } sub:provenance { a prov:SoftwareAgent; "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/aristotle-biology-claim-tests-df92)"; prov:actedOnBehalfOf ; . a ; dc:identifier "grok-4.7" . sub:assertion prov:wasAttributedTo ; prov:wasDerivedFrom ; prov:wasGeneratedBy sub:test . sub:plan prov:hadPlan . sub:test a prov:Activity; prov:qualifiedAssociation sub:plan; prov:wasAssociatedWith . } sub:pubinfo { this: dc:created "2026-11-08T16:24:31.737Z"^^xsd:dateTime; dc:creator ; dc:license ; npx:hasNanopubType ; npx:introduces ; "Claim test of aristotle-ga03-01 (pr-101): refutes, confidence 0.86"; . sub:sig npx:hasAlgorithm "RSA"; npx:hasPublicKey "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB"; npx:hasSignature "dmyW3xMbaO9rTBe1OO+HdpP6heUKb5Qml0cecEww0/3uxrVhd9lP0kgO3+of3Cm9oik2lW58hWd/w4C+/i8z9w9tGU7ZrqQqYw3b0gT6Cq0t7m4SEU+SuvL/eI6t3f+7MhzstTjnbJW+7nfVXKot/uG7X6QGS5D8Whu+L+4/X0PVpuc9ojXYlL+On1HbKZMtNlFufvUYsHWxjloZOrY7dLlP+Kei2fct4mWIlEQjtJ35x08newHKTxDS8Ro5a6v3JEX4E3OJZVjCxxsDrCydpBoUYXb3xTlaBbMVe2ly0S6CDR5y9L0In+M/fny+3/Rt+aW1vXZmkWonghH0jeMlzA=="; npx:hasSignatureTarget this:; npx:signedBy . }