https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA9GY_yb5vlR3o6h0BC5IcbxLbzWDuGNwbpKID0GfprgQ/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the three pre-registered FAO PDFs. Volume 1 at that URL is front matter, so Sepiidae is read from the Volume 1 key chapter of the same catalogue. Volumes 2 and 3 are the full squid and octopod books and were coded. Key couplets that state an internal shell were attributed to the family or group named in that couplet. Sepiidae matches if it is given a calcified laminate shell (the cuttlebone). Squids match if myopsids and oegopsids are given a feather- or rod-shaped chitinous internal shell (the gladius). Octopuses match only if the group is said to lack a shell and any vestige. A couplet that allows either a vestige or absence fails that universal clause. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 2 group clauses matching the claim (Sepiidae cuttlebone, squid gladius, octopus without an internal shell or vestige) (n = 3, group-level key couplets, not a species count). Interpretation: Cuttle-fishes are Sepiidae, calamaries are the squids covered by the FAO squid volume (myopsid and oegopsid squids, including Loliginidae), and poulps are octopods. The claim says octopuses have no internal part of the sort just named (os sepiae, gladius). A stylet or shell vestige is that sort of part, reduced. The claim's reason, a short body-sac, is not measured. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa02-21: mixed, confidence 0.5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-21/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets The three open FAO species-catalogue PDFs named in planned_datasets, text-extracted by the script. Family and order names must occur in the same paragraph or within 800 characters of the shell term. A figure caption that only labels a drawing is not used unless it states presence or absence. Nautiluses and sepiolids are outside the three clauses: Sepiidae is the cuttlefish clause, not every sepioid. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation The same catalogues deny a cuttlebone in Sepiidae, deny a gladius in squids, or attribute an internal shell, gladius, or stylet or shell vestige to octopuses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A web search displayed a short FAO key excerpt on sepioid shells before this file was committed. The pass and fail rules were written from the claim, not edited to fit that excerpt. The three catalogue PDFs were not downloaded before this commit. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Group-level sentences in a catalogue are not a species-by-species census. A match shows what the catalogue asserts about the group. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation FAO diagnoses or keys state a cuttlebone in Sepiidae, a gladius in squids, and no internal shell or shell vestige in octopuses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion A clause fails if the catalogue states the opposite: Sepiidae without a cuttlebone, squids without a gladius, or octopuses with a cuttlebone, gladius, or shell vestige or stylet. Refutes if two or three clauses fail. Mixed if exactly one clause fails, or if a group is described as variable (present in some, absent in others), which fails a universal wording for that group. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if a PDF cannot be downloaded or if two or more groups have no explicit shell sentence (no co-occurrence, inside one paragraph or an 800-character window, of the group name and a shell term). The short body-sac explanation is not tested. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.5 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, cuttlefishes (Sepiidae) are described as having an internal cuttlebone (os sepiae), squids (calamaries) as having a gladius (pen), and octopuses (poulps) as having no such internal shell. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Extract text, find windows that join each group name to cuttlebone, sepion, gladius, pen, stylet, or shell vestige, and code presence or absence from the negation in that window ('absent', 'without', 'lacking', 'no '). Then apply the three-clause rule. Confidence is 0.70 if supports, 0.65 if refutes, 0.50 if mixed, and 0.55 if inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Supports if all three group clauses match. Sepiidae matches if the FAO catalogue text places a cuttlebone or sepion in Sepiidae and does not say that Sepiidae lack one. Squids match if the FAO squid catalogue places a gladius or pen in squids (Loliginidae, Myopsida, or Oegopsida) as a possessed structure. Octopuses match only if the FAO octopod catalogue says the internal shell, gladius, cuttlebone, and shell vestige or stylet are absent in Octopoda or Incirrata as a group. 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