https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the AnAge build zip and, within Mammalia and within Aves, computed the Spearman correlation of adult weight with litter or clutch size and compared median brood size below and above the median adult weight. Both classes had to meet the pre-registered pass rule to support, or the fail rule to refute. The all-class correlation is descriptive only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: -0.5106757673008679 Spearman rho of adult weight vs litter size within Mammalia (n = 1239). Interpretation: Aristotle's 'large animals have few young, the small many' is read as a within-class rank association between adult body mass and offspring number per litter or clutch, not as annual fecundity and not as a particular slope. Mammals and birds are the two classes AnAge covers well enough to score separately. The claim says animals generally, so support requires the pattern in both classes. Log transformation is not used; the rank correlation already matches 'larger' and 'fewer'. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga01-22 (pr-110): mixed, confidence 0.58 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga01-22/pr-110/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level compilation of adult body mass and litter or clutch size for mammals and birds, independent of Aristotle's text, with a retrievable file, licence, and checksum. The two classes are tested separately so a difference between classes is not mistaken for a size effect. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation In both classes the rank correlation is non-negative and the heavier half does not have fewer young. Disagreement between the two classes is mixed rather than a refutation of the general claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Assessments were hints only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Confidence rule, fixed now: 0.82 if supported and both correlations are <= -0.35; 0.70 if supported otherwise; 0.74 if refuted; 0.58 if mixed; 0.40 if inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Litter or clutch size is not annual fecundity. A species can have a small litter and many litters a year. That quantity is out of this test. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Written before this session downloaded or read anage_data.txt. No body mass or litter size was inspected. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In both mammals and birds, litter or clutch size declines with adult body mass: rank correlation at most -0.20, and the heavier half of species has the smaller median brood. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The claim is refuted only if both classes satisfy all of: n >= 40, both halves have at least 10 species, Spearman rho >= 0, and the heavier half's median litter or clutch size is greater than or equal to the lighter half's. If both classes are scorable (n >= 40 and both halves have at least 10) but the outcome is neither the pass nor the fail rule, including one class passing and the other failing, the verdict is mixed. If either class has n < 40 or a half with fewer than 10 species, or a correlation that is not finite, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If the columns are missing, reason data-unavailable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.58 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If large animals have few young and small animals have many, then within mammals and within birds, species with greater adult body mass have smaller litter or clutch sizes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Spearman rank correlation (two-sided) of adult weight against litter or clutch size within each class, plus a median split of litter or clutch size at the class median adult weight. Thresholds are rho -0.20 and p 0.05, and a strict inequality of the two median brood sizes. An all-species correlation is reported and does not set the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. In AnAge, for Class Mammalia and for Class Aves separately, keep rows with Adult weight (g) > 0 and Litter/Clutch size > 0. The claim is supported only if both classes satisfy all of: n >= 40 species, at least 10 species at or below the median adult weight and at least 10 strictly above it, Spearman rank correlation of adult weight with litter or clutch size <= -0.20 with two-sided p < 0.05, and the median litter or clutch size of the heavier half strictly less than that of the lighter half. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga01-22 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description adult body mass and litter or clutch size of mammals and birds https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY 3.0 (Human Ageing Genomic Resources terms) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database, build 15 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://genomics.senescence.info/species/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:e3ddb66e32e973a79932859ba53013e8f60d957c6ec01c6eb573e3ea3018d630 https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-claim-tests-a5fd) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga01-22/pr-110/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/test https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/plan https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.730Z https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-22--claim-test--pr-110 https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga01-22 (pr-110): mixed, confidence 0.58 https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature YhtqpwKKSrPO3M4xqTqBreDabzRFtDhaGRkcLbvNSlxkSiGwfHa6EppoWFkIUbWhoqTEwjXvs+sdDiAvYFtvVuwcUkpKlJd8apRjl4TWbJXnZqnyn7hzZkMhets1ZRHFY/fVv/YdkoIXEz0q1NJJ60dcRJe9LYw5m/wiebeCGnEpP1TfMQMAvPjN8KK+UA3XPKeeThVZWToFcJP9Q9JftoTNJUKK6T6PPrCZTxgqozv3x9YkdULq3KxyJMSAPgBZDxwyRaMVWtBCK4p946QVv/Z89wqKTgGIW+JSMPpnB6mgYGP0mbWjc6YMp1bMrXUB5+VbLr/xvpr2vo874kfKXg== https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU https://w3id.org/np/RA8G4Cn30CAJQ4DnrtcGE86YzL2GYFVV72uFKvoO86EVU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192