https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA833cg6MWffy9Acfdb4jas0wLAGP1sRKFSG9Vae8UGpY/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the AnAge zip, read anage_data.txt, kept species with positive adult mass and litter or clutch size, split them into the three pre-registered groups, and fit log10-log10 OLS and Spearman correlation. Within-order slopes use orders with at least 8 species. The decision_rule thresholds were applied without change. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: -0.150187 OLS slope of log10(litter or clutch size) on log10(adult mass in g), terrestrial mammals (n = 1062, 95% CI [-0.161286, -0.139087]). Interpretation: Walking animals are terrestrial mammals, with bats and the named fully aquatic mammal orders and families removed. Flying animals are birds, with the named flightless orders removed. Swimming animals are ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii, or Osteichthyes only if that is the label in the file). Offspring number is litter or clutch size, one reproductive event, not annual fecundity. Aristotle's explanation that nutriment is spent on the body is not measured. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga04-15 (pr-169): inconclusive, confidence 0.45 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga04-15/pr-169/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level life-history table, compiled independently of Aristotle, with adult body mass in grams and litter or clutch size for mammals, birds and fishes, licensed for reuse. One row per species. Missing values are not treated as zero. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation In any one of those three groups, a slope whose 95 percent confidence interval lies entirely above zero: larger animals would then produce more young, not fewer. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Flightless birds and aquatic mammals were removed by the pre-registered lists. A species in an unlisted aquatic family would remain in the walking group. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Litter or clutch size is one reproductive event. Fishes that spawn a different number of eggs across a season are represented only as the table records that column. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Pre-registered swimming labels and the AnAge class Teleostei were counted. Teleostei was not substituted, because it also had fewer than the pre-registered minimum with both traits. Chondrichthyes was not added. Those counts are in measured and do not enter the slope test. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The nutriment explanation in the claim is not measured. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The slope is ordinary least squares within a class, not a phylogenetic regression. Related species are not independent observations. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In terrestrial mammals, in flying birds, and in ray-finned fishes, species with larger adult body mass have smaller litters or clutches, on a log-log scale, with the confidence interval of the slope entirely below zero. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The claim is refuted if any group with n at least 40 has a 95 percent confidence interval whose lower bound is above 0 (litter or clutch size increases with mass). If every group has n at least 40 and neither the pass rule nor this refute rule holds, the verdict is mixed. If any group has n below 40 and no group is refuted, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. The nutriment explanation is not tested. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.45 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If large walking, flying and swimming animals produce few young and small ones produce many, then within terrestrial mammals, within volant birds, and within ray-finned fishes, litter or clutch size declines as adult body mass increases. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Within each pre-registered group, OLS of log10(litter or clutch size) on log10(adult mass), 95 percent interval from the t distribution with n-2 degrees of freedom, plus Spearman rank correlation. A median of within-order slopes is required when enough orders exist. Thresholds are decision_rule. The nutriment clause is not given a statistic. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-15--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. In each of the three groups defined in decision_rule, ordinary least squares of log10(litter or clutch size) on log10(adult body mass in grams), using only species with both values positive, has n at least 40, a 95 percent confidence interval whose upper bound is below 0, and a Spearman rank correlation below -0.15 with a two-sided p-value below 0.05. Where a group has at least 3 taxonomic orders with at least 8 such species, the median of those within-order OLS slopes is also below 0. 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