https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The August 2015 amniote life-history CSV was downloaded and rows with both male_body_mass_g and female_body_mass_g were kept. P1 is non-monotreme mammals, male heavier than female. P3 would pool snakes and geckos, families taken from NCBI taxonomy under Serpentes and Gekkota, female heavier than male. Ties were dropped. A prediction with n < 30 stays untested. Species-level longevity columns were listed and not compared. AnAge build 15 was unzipped only to read its header. The FishBase species API was requested and not read after certificate verification failed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.7567567567567568 fraction of non-monotreme mammal species in which male adult body mass exceeds female adult body mass (n = 407, two-sided binomial p against 0.5 = 4.731e-26). Interpretation: The full sentence in Thompson's HA IV.11, not the shortened quote field, is: 'As a general rule, in red-blooded animals furnished with feet and not oviparous, the male is larger and longer-lived than the female (except with the mule, where the female is longer-lived and bigger than the male); whereas in oviparous and vermiparous creatures, as in fishes and in insects, the female is larger than the male; as, for instance, with the serpent, the phalangium or venom-spider, the gecko, and the frog.' The second clause says the female is larger, not longer-lived. 'As a general rule' is a majority, pre-registered at 60 percent rather than a universal. Size is adult body mass where the table gives it by sex; for fishes, sex-specific adult or maximum length is the size measure when mass by sex is absent, and that substitution is stated in the measured output. Longevity is a sex-specific maximum or mean adult lifespan, not age at maturity. Viviparous footed blooded animals are mammals other than monotremes (marsupials included; they are viviparous and footed). Oviparous mammals (monotremes) are not in P1 or P2. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha04-30: mixed, confidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha04-30/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets AnAge, PanTHERIA, AVONET, FishBase, or the Myhrvold et al. 2015 amniote life-history supplement (DOI 10.1890/15-0846.1 or the data-paper DOI 10.1890/15-0846R.1), fetched and checksummed, and only the columns that are explicitly male versus female size or explicitly male versus female longevity. A single adult-mass or maximum-longevity column is inadmissible. Insects, spiders, snakes, geckos, and frogs count only from a table with sex-specific size. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation The fraction in the stated direction is 40 percent or below, with the binomial test against a fair coin, in a prediction with at least 30 species; or an example group of that size reverses the size rule; or mule rows show the male larger or longer-lived. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Bird masses by sex are in the table and were not used. Birds were not in the pre-registered example groups. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Myhrvold et al. report median compiled masses, so the two sexes of one species can come from different studies. The table does not mark captive versus wild on the sex-specific mass columns. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No mule row and no paired masses for Equus asinus, so the exception is untested and does not fail the general rule. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst P2 is untested: maximum_longevity_y and longevity_y are one value per species. Male and female maturity ages are not lifespan. AnAge build 15 likewise has no sex-specific mass or longevity column. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Snakes with both sexes' masses number 7, geckos 13. Both are below the pre-registered 30, so they do not set P3. Fishes were not read because fishbase.ropensci.org presented a certificate that failed verification. Insects, spiders, and frogs are not in this amniote table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The full HA IV.11 sentence scores longevity only in the viviparous footed clause and in the mule exception. The oviparous clause says the female is larger, and the later sentence about female fishes being caught older was not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The mammal operationalization is Mammalia excluding Monotremata, as pre-registered, which includes footless cetaceans. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In non-monotreme mammals, males are the larger sex and the longer-lived sex in at least 60 percent of species with both sexes measured; in the named oviparous and vermiparous groups, females are the larger sex in at least 60 percent; if mules are present, females exceed males in size and longevity. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. A prediction REFUTES if its fraction in the stated direction is <= 0.40 with binomial p < 0.01 and n >= 30. A prediction is MIXED if n >= 30 and it neither supports nor refutes, or if P3's pool supports while an example group with n >= 30 refutes. The claim REFUTES if every tested prediction refutes. The claim is MIXED if tested predictions disagree, or if at least one supports and at least one is untested. INCONCLUSIVE if none of P1, P2, P3 can be computed: reason data-unavailable when no sex-specific size or sex-specific longevity column exists, reason underpowered when the column exists but n < 30. A species-level mass or a species-level maximum longevity is not a sex difference and is not used. The mule (Equus caballus × Equus asinus) is scored only if both sexes are rows; absence does not fail the general rule. The sentence after the claim, that female fishes are caught older than males, is outside the quote and is not a longevity reversal for P3. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis As a general rule, in red-blooded animals with feet that are not oviparous, the male is larger and longer-lived than the female, except the mule, whose female is larger and longer-lived; in oviparous and larva-producing animals the female is larger than the male. The second clause is size only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod For each species keep one male value and one female value. Drop ties. Fraction f = n_predicted / n_compared. Two-sided binomial test of f against 0.5. Apply the 0.60 and 0.40 thresholds and the claim-level rule in the pass and fail criteria. Report every group denominator. Do not average a sex-specific result with a species-level result. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Three predictions, each on species with both sexes measured, ties dropped, n >= 30. A prediction SUPPORTS if the fraction in the stated direction is >= 0.60 and a two-sided binomial test against 0.5 has p < 0.01. (P1) Male adult size greater than female adult size in viviparous footed blooded animals, operationalized as Mammalia excluding Monotremata. (P2) Male longevity greater than female longevity in that same set. (P3) Female adult size greater than male adult size, pooled across oviparous and vermiparous example groups that the full sentence names and for which a sex-specific size column exists: fishes, insects, snakes, spiders, geckos, frogs. The claim SUPPORTS only if P1, P2, and P3 each support, no example group with n >= 30 reverses P3 (fraction of female-larger <= 0.40 with p < 0.01), and the mule exception is either untested or itself supported. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha04-30 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description male_body_mass_g and female_body_mass_g. maximum_longevity_y and longevity_y are species-level and were not used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Copyright restrictions: None. Proprietary restrictions: Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: An amniote life-history database (Myhrvold et al. 2015), Amniote_Database_Aug_2015.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/Data_Files/Amniote_Database_Aug_2015.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/metadata.php https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:ae16377ebe8a172949c2b8c200a50c5d0c7fc04d34bd3c9704635da4a4d51f53 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:aebc61b5d08311fb96b200e7b9f41d9b2c153ccd5679cb19382e1d43c72d9835 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description column audit only. No sex-specific adult-mass or sex-specific longevity column. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Use of AnAge is free but subject to the conditions of the Human Ageing Genomic Resources https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: AnAge build 15 species table https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://genomics.senescence.info/species/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:e3ddb66e32e973a79932859ba53013e8f60d957c6ec01c6eb573e3ea3018d630 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description family names used to split Squamata into snakes and geckos https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: NCBI taxonomy family names under Serpentes and Gekkota https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&term=Gekkota%5Bsubtree%5D+AND+family%5Brank%5D&retmax=40&retmode=json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&term=Serpentes%5Bsubtree%5D+AND+family%5Brank%5D&retmax=80&retmode=json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esummary.fcgi?db=taxonomy&retmode=json&id=1329930,1329929,1329928,660274,311552,52170,8561 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esummary.fcgi?db=taxonomy&retmode=json&id=3843551,3843550,3843547,3843546,3843545,3843544,3843543,3839233,3839232,3839231,2811533,1543338,1542756,1419189,1419188,1390229,1331680,327152,305692,196251,196245,186592,186564,186544,184169,173536,169862,51842,42186,42164,39699,39698,39076,34984,34978,34977,8689,8602,8598,8578,8572 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:84bde6121d26115c0fab7a43b1bf7847565affa202ef7f962359bd4a43946474 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:b89740a28ac639798b298631d9bb9b7cd9a135d923223ee0f450d8257fd2d237 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:d76e0e586b9e06aa2f1b2d05a9b5d32cc7762db28a6921246fb9b64cb41ec1f3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-30--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:fa13d5c8fd0e4a315465d0aec01111145c6de6700e422b1b24f56ca666c4fe59 https://w3id.org/np/RA6s8v33jwKSkmq0hjXptFKRa83JFa9JOQRi5zZ-ggcCU/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; 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