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Interpretation: The History of Animals sentence says that animals which are not viviparous have no bladder except the tortoise, and that tortoises are oviparous. The test is that reproductive-mode claim. It is not the integument claim in Parts of Animals, which is scored separately. A group the table marks as variable has a bladder in some of its members, so it does not support 'no bladder'. The ostrich, if named, is not a tortoise." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-06: inconclusive, confidence 0.84" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-06/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A checksummed comparative table of urinary-bladder presence by vertebrate group. A swim-bladder column is not a urinary bladder. The tortoise row is the stated exception and is not in the denominator." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "none" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "Fewer than half of those groups are marked as lacking a bladder." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "A swim bladder was not used. FishBase GasBladder is a different organ and was not fetched." }, { "@value": "Bentley 1979 is the planned table. The PMC record says the article is scanned, the XML has the abstract only, and the PDF URL returned HTTP 403 rather than a PDF." }, { "@value": "No group was scored. Mammals, tortoises, birds, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, amphibians and fishes are all uncounted. This file does not use a bladder verdict from any other claim." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "At least 90 percent of the non-mammal, non-chelonian groups in Bentley's table are marked as lacking a urinary bladder, with no non-tortoise exception named." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Refutes if n >= 6 and f < 0.50. Mixed if n >= 6 and 0.50 <= f < 0.90. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if n < 6. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the paper cannot be fetched or Table 1 cannot be read. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if the table has no absent-or-present marks." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.84", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-06--claim-test--dataset-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "inconclusive" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "Vertebrate groups that are not viviparous lack a urinary bladder, with tortoises the only exception." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "f = groups marked absent, with no non-tortoise exception, divided by non-mammal non-chelonian groups in the table. Pass at f >= 0.90 and n >= 6. Refute at f < 0.50." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Score the groups in Bentley 1979, Table 1 (PMC2595796), other than mammals and other than the tortoise exception. Mammals are left out because the table presents them as having a bladder and the claim is about animals that are not viviparous. Chelonia (tortoises and turtles) are the stated exception: a bladder in that group is recorded and is not a counterexample, and the group is not in the denominator. A group is consistent when the table marks the bladder absent, with no prose exception other than a tortoise. A mark of present, or of present-or-absent, is not consistent. Birds are not consistent if the paper says they lack a bladder except the ostrich. Let n be the scored groups and f the consistent fraction. The claim passes if n >= 6 and f >= 0.90." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-06--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Full text XML. It has the abstract and not Table 1. The PDF request is recorded in measured.extra and was not a PDF." } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "No Creative Commons URL is in the Europe PMC XML. The record is the open PMC entry for a 1979 Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine article marked scanned." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Bentley PJ 1979, The vertebrate urinary bladder: osmoregulatory and other uses. 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