https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA60JlS8JgiUqSIZlMyYUIeXMpKFgpMQNwjKFWflwAYSU/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py downloads the Zenodo zip, checks its SHA-256, and reads Challita_Bhamla_PNAS_2024.xlsx. Rows whose organism name contains the word cicada are scored. A row is a positive excretion record when its mechanism is a jet or a droplet and its speed or diameter is above zero. Mouth and diet clauses are scored only if a column name matches those terms. The pre-registered rule then applies: a scored clause that fails refutes the conjunction. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 11 cicada rows with a positive jet or droplet (n = 11). Interpretation: Cicadas are Cicadidae and close relatives in the same table. The tongue-like organ is the piercing stylet or rostrum, not a vertebrate tongue. Dew alone means the recorded diet is dew and not xylem or other plant fluid. Excrement means a measured voided fluid, jet, droplet, or excretion event, not a modelled prediction. 'Alone of all creatures' can be scored only when the same table codes mouth presence for a non-cicada. A kinematics table that records cicada excretion can test clause C and cannot, by itself, establish the mouth or diet clauses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha04-15: refutes, confidence 0.84 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha04-15/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public table of cicadas with at least one of: mouth or stylet coding, diet coding, or a measured excretion volume or event. Narrative sentences and uncoded videos are not a denominator. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A cicada coded with a mouth, a cicada coded as feeding on anything other than dew, or any cicada excretion record above zero. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A block of duration and volume figures sits beside the named columns without its own header row. Those figures were not used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Clause C fails: 11 of 11 cicada rows are jets, with speed from 0.6 to 3.18 m/s, in Chremistica umbrosa, Fidicinoides duckensis, and Guyalna distanti. Clauses A and B were not scored: the sheet has no mouth or diet column. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The 11 rows are not 11 independent insects. Several are averages or repeated filmings of the same species. Each of the three species still has a positive jet speed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The sheet records voided jets. The pre-registration counted a voided jet as excrement. It is not a record of what was found inside a dissected stomach. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Cicadas are the only animals coded without a mouth, each has a tongue-like feeding organ, each diet code is dew and nothing else, and every cicada excretion measurement is zero. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Clause A fails if any cicada is coded with a mouth, or if a non-cicada is coded with no mouth. Clause B fails if any cicada is coded as feeding on xylem, sap, plant fluid, or any food other than dew. Clause C fails if any cicada record has a positive excreted volume, jet, droplet, or excretion event; one such record is enough, because the claim says excrement is never found. If a scored clause fails, the verdict is refutes. If some scored clauses pass and others fail, the verdict is mixed and the clauses are named. If C passes and A or B cannot be coded, the verdict is mixed: C supports and the missing clauses are not operationalizable. If the file has no cicada rows and no mouth, diet, or excretion column, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. If the only cicada excretion records are fewer than 10 and all are zero, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.84 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis The cicada, alone of all creatures, has no mouth but a long tongue-like organ, feeds on dew alone, and no excrement is ever found in its stomach. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Clauses are scored only from columns that exist. A failed scored clause refutes the conjunction. Mixed is used when scored clauses disagree, or when clause C passes and clause A or B has no column. All three must pass for support. No usable cicada rows is inconclusive, reason data-unavailable. Fewer than 10 all-zero excretion records, with no positive record, is inconclusive, reason underpowered. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Three clauses, all required. Clause A (mouth): cicadas are coded with no mouth and with a tongue-like organ, and at least one non-cicada in the same table is coded with a mouth, so that 'alone' has a denominator. Clause B (dew): every scored cicada is coded as feeding on dew and on nothing else, with at least 10 cicadas. Clause C (excrement): every cicada excretion record is zero (no positive volume, jet, droplet, or excretion event), with at least 10 records. The claim passes only if A, B, and C all pass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha04-15 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Species-level excretion kinematics. Cicada rows are jets with positive speed. 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