https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Opened the published August 2015 amniote median table after checking its MD5, treated -999 and non-positive cells as missing, and counted species with a positive incubation or egg mass and a positive weaning time or weaning weight, plus birds and reptiles with a positive weaning value. One such species refutes; zero is inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 2 species with egg evidence and milk evidence, or a non-mammal with milk evidence (n = 21322). Interpretation: Internally viviparous is read from a positive gestation only as context, not as a pass rule. Egg-laying is a positive incubation time or egg mass. Milk is a positive weaning time or weaning weight, which is the table's proxy for a milk-feeding period. Monotremes refute the claim if they are coded with both an egg measurement and a weaning measurement. Pigeon crop milk is a milk-like secretion the claim denies to birds; it refutes the claim only if the table records a bird weaning. Absence of that code is not presence of the claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa04-26 (pr-169): refutes, confidence 0.85 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa04-26/pr-169/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets The public Myhrvold et al. 2015 amniote life-history table of median species values, with incubation, egg mass and weaning in separate columns and missing values coded -999. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one species with a positive egg or incubation measurement and a positive weaning measurement, or a bird or reptile with a positive weaning measurement. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A missing weaning value is not evidence that milk is absent, so zero counterexamples do not support the universal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Counterexample rows that share a genus and the same incubation and weaning figures are not independent measurements. One such row is enough to refute the universal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Crop milk and other milk-like secretions refute the claim only when the table records them as weaning. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The published MD5 was checked before any row was scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Weaning is the table's proxy for a milk-feeding period. It is not a dissection of mammary glands. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation The test has no observation that would confirm the universal, because the table records weaning only where a compiler entered it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. After treating -999 and non-positive values as missing, the claim is refuted if any species has egg evidence (incubation_d or egg_mass_g positive) and milk evidence (weaning_d or weaning_weight_g positive), or if any species whose class is Aves or Reptilia has milk evidence. Otherwise, if the file is obtained and its MD5 matches the published checksum, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other. If the file cannot be obtained or the checksum does not match, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. Crop milk and mammary anatomy that the table does not code are not invented to fill that gap. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.85 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If no animal that is not internally viviparous has milk, no species in a life-history table is recorded both as laying an egg and as weaning a young. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Count species that are positive on an egg column and positive on a weaning column, and birds or reptiles positive on a weaning column. One such species refutes the universal. Zero such species is inconclusive, not support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. This table cannot support the universal claim. A blank weaning cell is not evidence that milk is absent. The pass rule is intentionally empty: the test either refutes the universal or is inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa04-26 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description incubation, egg mass and weaning by species https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license No copyright restrictions stated by the Ecological Archives data paper; citation requested https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: An amniote life-history database (Myhrvold et al. 2015), August 2015 median table https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/8067269 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:f7a8973452625422868ff33cc6fc2362e965eede173b2fd4262ed1668abe0f2f https://w3id.org/np/RA5frknVhAaHuSj2wHEKqjTX97gciArf9O6vG0tDhX8O8/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; 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