https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA4bD9rfGfOO-GYJSxG-XAMjm2G2hea4M8zt_S_lu6GB0/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Gestation is the obstetric estimate in bytes 499-500 of the 2023 natality file (1-indexed positions 499-500), sex in byte 475. Female median 39.0 weeks (n=1759261), male median 39.0 weeks (n=1843032). Puberty means are parsed from the results sentence of PMC6378593. Menarche 13.0 years, voice break 13.1 years. Prime and old age use the open-numbers world life table for 2023. Rates are treated as per_year because the median adult mx is at or below 1; the old-age threshold used is 0.02. Female prime age-group start 15, male 15. Female old-age onset 70, male 65. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 39 female median obstetric estimate of gestation, weeks, US natality 2023 (n = 3602293, medians of integer weeks; a tie is not 'longer'). Interpretation: The quote says the female 'takes longer in developing' inside the mother. That is read as a longer gestational age at live birth, not as birth weight. Puberty is age at menarche versus age at voice break, the two markers the planned paper states for the two sexes. Prime of life is the adult age of lowest mortality between 15 and 50. Old age is the first age at or after 50 where the annual death rate reaches 2 percent, a mortality onset rather than menopause or the age of the oldest person. Life expectancy at birth is reported from indicator 61 and does not set the verdict. The human scope is the US 2023 birth cohort for gestation and the UN world life table for adult ages; neither is every human. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga04-22: mixed, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga04-22/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets US NVSS natality 2023 public-use file (sex and obstetric gestational age), Europe PMC full text PMC6378593 (population puberty means), and the UN Population Data Portal WPP 2024 indicator 79 for location 900 (World), year 2023, sex ids 1 (male) and 2 (female), median variant. No other puberty paper may be substituted after the means are known. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Any of those four comparisons goes the other way or ties. A single reversed clause does not by itself refute the whole sentence if another clause holds; that split is mixed. All four reversed refutes the sentence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A search snippet had already shown the puberty point estimates. The rule remained 'earlier means a smaller age', with no minimum gap. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Gestation is one US year, including the territories that share this public-use file (about 22 thousand of 3.63 million records). The median is over the whole file. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Life expectancy at birth is stored as extra and does not set the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Menarche and voice break are one Danish cohort's means. The reported intervals overlap, and the clause still follows the point estimates, as pre-registered. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Old age is the first age group at or after 50 whose central death rate reaches the threshold. It is not menopause and not the age of the oldest person. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Prime of life is the five-year age group of lowest mortality between 15 and 50, not a measured peak of strength or fertility. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Female median gestational age exceeds the male median; mean menarche is earlier than mean male voice break; the lowest female mortality between ages 15 and 50 falls in a younger age group than the male minimum; and females first reach a 2 percent annual death rate, at or after age 50, in a younger age group than males. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refutes if all four clauses are measured and all four fail (female median gestation is less than or equal to male, menarche is greater than or equal to voice break, female prime age is greater than or equal to male, and female old-age onset is greater than or equal to male). Mixed if at least one measured clause holds and at least one measured clause fails; an unmeasured clause does not erase that split. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if no clause fails and at least one clause cannot be measured. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if a measured clause has fewer than 1000 births (prenatal) or the life table is missing an age group inside the stated windows. A web-search snippet had already shown menarche and voice-break point estimates from this paper; the puberty rule remains the directional comparison and was not given a minimum gap after that snippet. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If human females develop more slowly in the womb and, after birth, reach puberty, the prime of life, and old age sooner than males, then female live births have a longer gestational age than male live births, female menarche is earlier than male voice break, the female age of lowest adult mortality is younger than the male age, and females reach a high adult mortality rate at a younger age than males. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Medians of gestational weeks by sex; subtraction of the two published mean ages; argmin of m(x) inside ages 15-50; first ageStart >= 50 with m(x) >= 0.02. Each clause is hold or fail. The verdict table is in the fail criterion. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Supports only if all four clauses hold. Prenatal: among US live births in the 2023 NVSS natality file with known sex and a recorded gestational age in weeks, the female median weeks is greater than the male median. Puberty: in the full text of the population study PMC6378593, mean age at menarche is less than mean age at male voice break. Prime: in the UN WPP 2024 abridged mortality schedule for the World in 2023 (indicator 79, sexes male and female, median variant), the female age-group start between 15 and 50 with the lowest m(x) is younger than the male age-group start. Old age: the first age group with ageStart at least 50 whose m(x) is at least 0.02 per year begins at a younger age in females than in males. 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