https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA4JPXMrKYcEKJpVo3Bar5KXTeIG_ZTzepIvER5jtPizw/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description WoRMS Aphia name records and attribute lists were downloaded for one shark and one ray. Attribute types were listed and searched for skeletal-tissue words. The class field was stored and not treated as cartilage. The FishBase species summary HTML was searched for cartilage, skeleton, and bone. The rfishbase API was requested and not read when certificate verification failed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: null not measured (n = 0). Interpretation: Ogle's translation, PA II.9: 'in the Selachia, as they are called, the fish-spines are replaced by cartilage. For it is necessary that the movements of these animals shall be of an undulating character; and this again requires the framework that supports the body to be made of a pliable and not of a brittle substance.' Selachia are mapped to sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii excluding chimaeras). Only an explicit cartilage-versus-bone (or ossified-versus-cartilaginous skeleton) field counts. The 'for' sentence is the causal clause and is left untested unless both tissue and swimming mode are columns in the fetched table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa02-26: inconclusive, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-26/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets FishBase or a checksummed paper supplement with one row per species and an explicit skeletal-tissue variable, fetched and checksummed, licence recorded from the source. NCBI, WoRMS, GBIF, and PBDB taxonomy alone are inadmissible. Class labels are not the variable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least 10 percent of those species are recorded as bony in the axial skeleton. Separately, the causal clause would be disconfirmed by bony fishes that undulate, but only if swimming mode was measured. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The FishBase summary page did not contain a skeletal-tissue table. The rfishbase API certificate was not trusted, so that body was not read. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The causal clause about undulating movement was not measured. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The class name Elasmobranchii is a taxon, not a measurement of skeletal tissue, and was not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst WoRMS attributes for these two species are body size, fisheries importance, and, where present, sound production. None is cartilage versus bone. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Of selachian species with a recorded axial-skeleton tissue, at least 95 percent are cartilage. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. REFUTES the anatomical clause if at least 10 percent of selachian species with an explicit tissue value are recorded as having a bony axial skeleton (n >= 20). If 5 to 10 percent are bony, MIXED. The causal clause, if measured, REFUTES separately when undulatory non-selachian fishes are recorded with a bony axial skeleton in at least 10 species; that result is reported and, if it refutes while the anatomical clause supports, the claim verdict is MIXED. INCONCLUSIVE reason data-unavailable if the fetched tables have no skeletal-tissue column. A taxonomic class name meaning 'cartilaginous fishes' is not a tissue measurement and is not used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Selachians (sharks and rays) have a cartilaginous axial skeleton rather than bone. The 'because their undulating movement needs a pliable framework' clause is a separate causal claim and stays untested unless the same table measures both swimming mode and skeletal tissue in selachians and in non-selachian fishes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Denominator is selachian species with a non-missing tissue value. Proportion cartilaginous compared with the pre-registered 95 percent and 10 percent thresholds. Causal clause reported as untested unless a swimming-mode column exists in the same fetch; it is then the count of undulatory bony species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Anatomical clause only: among selachian species (sharks and rays; chimaeras excluded) with an explicit skeletal-tissue value, SUPPORTS if at least 95 percent are recorded as cartilage rather than bone, with denominator n >= 20 species. The causal clause is marked untested, and does not contribute to the verdict, unless the table also records swimming mode. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa02-26 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description attribute types. The class name on the Aphia record is not a tissue measurement. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: WoRMS Aphia records and attributes for Squalus acanthias and Raja clavata https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.marinespecies.org/rest/AphiaAttributesByAphiaID/105883 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.marinespecies.org/rest/AphiaAttributesByAphiaID/105923 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.marinespecies.org/rest/AphiaRecordsByName/Raja%20clavata?like=false&marine_only=false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.marinespecies.org/rest/AphiaRecordsByName/Squalus%20acanthias?like=false&marine_only=false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105923 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:580a99de93ce97223ba5dbbfbb1d2d8e206109c98a0e60fbe8527f4e6d93ec3b https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:97b2f6c3d7001330ffff683572bb04deb11d782fa85b45ac029567505d9ba8a3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:ab164fa9222acaa8b4123a9ef1ff8df9b6ef377192ff83758e1d2a33a95340b0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:b33607b973d489b56a84e07a3c81ae3157abb4221981562230e319d81c84f334 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-26--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description HTML summary. Word counts for cartilage, skeleton, and bone. 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