https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA3tKh7ghuvvy5TNSFShf6Qt-wCzHjxbigenEig0trDNY/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Classed each species by the Herbivory2 value, which is the phrase 'mainly animals', 'plants/detritus+animals' or 'mainly plants/detritus'. Species with two classes were dropped. Of 8,579 species, 6,772 are mainly animals, a share of 0.789. Mugilidae are non-carnivorous in 45 of 48 species, and Sarpa salpa is non-carnivorous. All 4 scored Mullus species are carnivorous. Chalcis was not mapped. Among species with at least one country record, the median is 7 countries for carnivores and 4 for the others. A one-sided Mann-Whitney test gives p = 2.72e-29. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.7893693903718382 share of species whose diet class is mainly animals (n = 8579). Interpretation: Carnivorous is an animal diet, the FishBase 'mainly animals' class, whose manual places it at trophic level 2.8 and above. Omnivores are part of the 'few' that are not carnivorous. Grey mullet, saupe and red mullet are the modern taxa named in the claim record. Chalcis is left unmapped rather than guessed. 'Wander most' is wider geographic spread, measured as country records, because the claim gives no tagging study. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha09-20: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha09-20/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public diet classification or trophic level for named fish species, plus a public count of countries or a migratory flag. Species with no diet class are outside the denominator. The source must not be Aristotle. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Fewer than 90 percent are carnivorous, or a mapped named exception is carnivorous, or carnivores are not more widely recorded than non-carnivores. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Country count is a geographic-spread proxy, not a measurement of swimming in search of prey. Species with no country row were left unscored rather than entered as zero. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Deviation: the three trophic phrases are in the column Herbivory2. The column named FeedingType holds habits such as hunting and grazing, not those phrases. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The diet clause fails two ways: 0.789 is below the pre-registered 0.90 line for 'all except a few', and every scored red mullet (Mullus) is carnivorous. Grey mullet and the saupe match the exception list. Chalcis was not given a scientific name. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The wandering clause passes. Carnivores have a higher median country count, 7 against 4. The refutation is the diet clause, which the pre-registration treats as enough to refute the conjunction. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation At least 90 percent of scored fishes are carnivorous, Mugilidae, Sarpa salpa and Mullus are mostly not, and carnivores occupy more countries than non-carnivores. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The carnivory clause fails if the carnivorous share is below 0.90 or any mapped named exception is carnivorous. The wandering clause fails if the test is computable and does not pass. The claim is refuted if the carnivory clause fails, including when wandering is underpowered, because a failed conjunct refutes the conjunction. The claim is mixed if carnivory passes and wandering fails. The claim is inconclusive with reason underpowered if carnivory passes and the smaller diet class has fewer than 10 species. Inconclusive with reason data-unavailable if neither a feeding field nor a trophic level is present. Unmatched feeding-type strings are left unscored; if they exceed one fifth of non-null feeding types, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test--dataset-4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, at least nine tenths of fishes with a diet class are carnivorous, the named exceptions are not, and the carnivorous species are more widely distributed than the others. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod One diet class per species. Carnivorous share uses that denominator. Named exceptions use a majority inside the family or genus. Wandering uses a one-sided Mann-Whitney test on country counts, carnivores greater, p below 0.05, and at least 10 species in the smaller class. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha09-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. A species is carnivorous when its FishBase feeding type says mainly animals, or, if that field is missing, when its trophic level is at least 2.8. Omnivores and herbivores are not carnivorous. The carnivory clause passes only if the carnivorous share is at least 0.90 and every mapped named exception is non-carnivorous. Grey mullet is family Mugilidae, saupe is Sarpa salpa, red mullet is genus Mullus. A family or genus exception holds when a majority of its scored species are non-carnivorous. Chalcis is not mapped to a scientific name. The wandering clause passes when carnivores have a higher geographic spread than non-carnivores by a one-sided Mann-Whitney test at p below 0.05, with at least 10 species in the smaller class. Spread is, in this order, a migratory-versus-not field, else the number of FishBase country records. 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