https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the ZFIN anatomy-term file and matched term names to kidney, metanephros, mesonephros and pronephros. Queried BioSamples for Gallus gallus, Danio rerio and Anolis carolinensis with the pre-registered organism-part values, and took the value with the largest total. Trachemys scripta is reported and is not required for the verdict. One hit refutes the universal; no hit is inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 4 sources or species with a kidney record (n = 14). Interpretation: Feathered animals are represented by the chicken, scaled fishes by the zebrafish, and scaly reptiles that are not tortoises by the green anole. Aristotle allows flattened kidney-like bodies in some birds and still says the kidney is wanting; a structure named kidney, or a pronephros, mesonephros or metanephros, counts as the organ. Tortoises are the stated exception and are queried only as a description. One counterexample refutes a universal absence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa03-23 (pr-169): refutes, confidence 0.85 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-23/pr-169/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets The ZFIN zebrafish anatomy-term download, which lists structures of Danio rerio, and the public EBI BioSamples index filtered by organism and organism part. A sample of an organ is evidence the organ was present in the sampled animal. An ontology or sample index that does not mention an organ is not evidence of absence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A curated zebrafish anatomy term naming a kidney, or at least one public biosample of kidney from a chicken, a zebrafish or a green anole. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A biosample of kidney shows that the organ was taken from that species. It is not a survey of every bird and every fish. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Aristotle's flattened kidney-like bodies in birds are counted as kidneys when the source names them as a kidney or a nephros. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No kidney record in these two sources would not establish that kidneys are absent, so that outcome stays inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst ZFIN is the anatomy of the zebrafish, a scaled bony fish, not of every scaled animal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation No confirming observation is defined. The universal would require coded absence across feathered and scaled animals, which these sources do not provide. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The claim is refuted if the ZFIN zebrafish anatomy list contains a term whose name is kidney, metanephros, mesonephros or pronephros, or if EBI BioSamples reports at least one sample of Gallus gallus, Danio rerio or Anolis carolinensis whose organism-part value is one of kidney, Kidney, adult kidney or kidney tissue. A tortoise sample is reported and is not required. If both sources are fetched and neither records such a kidney, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other. If both sources fail to return a readable file or response, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.85 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If kidneys are absent from every feathered or scaled animal except tortoises, public anatomy records do not list a kidney for a bird, a bony fish or a lizard. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Exact, case-sensitive match of organism-part values in the pre-registered list, and a case-insensitive exact match of ZFIN term names to the four kidney names. One hit refutes the universal. Zero hits, with the sources readable, is inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. The test cannot support the universal absence. Failure to find a kidney record in the two sources is not evidence that the organ is absent. There is no pass condition. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa03-23 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description anatomical terms of Danio rerio, including kidney terms if listed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license ZFIN data are publicly downloadable; cite ZFIN https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: ZFIN zebrafish anatomy term list https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://zfin.org/downloads/anatomy_item.txt https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://zfin.org/downloads https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:b5d296611d1b28992f6ff7a576da45c598611de98d308bd8cbddb5ccd49de7f1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description samples whose organism part is kidney for chicken, zebrafish and green anole https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Public BioSamples records https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: EMBL-EBI BioSamples https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biosamples/samples https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biosamples/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-23--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:14b000d34a0911581b8b97b933871cdf5d885232af1ef71791c51309cb461de2 https://w3id.org/np/RA3KyyB2LvZdWpkNG6EkjewczHhzEmvMN7i-8r-fHrzuA/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; 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