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"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [ { "@value": "2026-11-08T16:24:31.762Z", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-08: inconclusive, confidence 0.86" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RA2Hc1OmE9MC0RGGaInQt84pF9U5beyznvsCngjURZ0bg/sig", "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm": [ { "@value": "RSA" } ], 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"http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RA2Hc1OmE9MC0RGGaInQt84pF9U5beyznvsCngjURZ0bg/assertion", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "analysis.py matched AnAge and PanTHERIA column names to mating posture, tentacle interlacing, mouth-to-mouth and copulatory position, and searched the FishBase SPECIES, reproduction and morphology manuals plus the REPRODUCTION table manual. No posture column and no pre-registered posture token was found. The WoRMS record for Octopus vulgaris returns taxonomic fields only. No species was assigned a posture, so no modal class was computed." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 0 columns matching the pre-registered variable (n = 86). Interpretation: The same paragraph distinguishes the shared posture (mouth to mouth, tentacles interlaced, suckers in contact) from a report Aristotle attributes to others, that the male has a penis in one tentacle which enters the funnel. Only the shared posture is the claim. A modern hectocotylus description counts as that claim only when the record also states the mouth-to-mouth or tentacle-interlacing posture. WoRMS names are admissible for placing a species in a group, not as evidence of how it mates." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-08: inconclusive, confidence 0.86" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-08/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A public species-level table from FishBase or another listed source (AnAge, PanTHERIA, AVONET, GBIF, NCBI, WoRMS, PBDB) or a checksummed paper supplement, with a mating-posture or copulatory-position field and a taxon assignable to the three groups. Licence stated. A narrative encyclopedia page is not a table." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "none" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "The modal postures of at least two groups differ, or a group with at least two scored species has no mouth-interlace record. No posture column does not disconfirm the claim." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "FishBase describes reproduction with mode, fertilization and spawning fields. Those fields are not the mouth-to-mouth posture tokens fixed before download." }, { "@value": "The WoRMS taxon page states that the webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The page is not a posture table." }, { "@value": "Zero of the three groups has a posture record. The pre-registration calls that data-unavailable, and it says a taxonomic list is not a mating posture." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "In each of Octopoda, Sepiida and the squid orders, the modal recorded mating posture is mouth-to-mouth tentacle interlacing, and that class covers at least half of the species with a posture record in the group." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. The claim is refuted if at least two groups have posture records and their modal classes differ, or if any group with at least two scored species has zero mouth-interlace records. Mixed if every group has at least one matching species but one group's modal class is not mouth-interlace. If no posture field exists, or fewer than two of the three groups have any posture record, inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A taxonomic list of the three groups, a spermatophore-length column, or a 'reproduces sexually' flag is not a mating posture." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.86", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-2" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-3" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-4" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "inconclusive" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If the octopus, the cuttlefish and the squid mate in the same way, uniting at the mouth by interlacing tentacles, then a species-level mating-posture table will show that posture as the modal recorded posture in each of the three groups." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Species are classed by the pre-registered tokens into mouth-interlace versus other. The denominator in each group is the number of species with a non-missing posture. The modal class and its share are compared across the three groups. Support requires the same modal class, mouth-interlace, at a share of at least one half, in all three. Differing modes refute. A missing field is data-unavailable." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. Quote: 'Molluscs, such as the octopus, the sepia, and the calamary, have sexual intercourse all in the same way; that is to say, they unite at the mouth, by an interlacing of their tentacles.' Groups: octopus = order Octopoda; cuttlefish = order Sepiida (sepia); squid = Teuthida, Oegopsida, Myopsida or family Loliginidae (calamary). A species matches the claimed posture if its posture field contains one of these tokens: 'mouth to mouth', 'mouth-to-mouth', 'head to head', 'tentacles interlac', 'arms interlac', 'beak to beak'. A hectocotylus or mantle-cavity insertion, with none of those tokens, is a different posture and does not match. The claim passes only if each of the three groups has at least one species with a posture record, the modal posture class in each group is the mouth-interlace class, and that class is at least half of the species with a posture record in that group." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Column names checked against the pre-registered variable" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY 3.0. The fetched page https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html says this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, that the data sheets, including the observations in AnAge, are copyrighted, and that most content in HAGR is in the public domain." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: AnAge, the Animal Ageing and Longevity Database" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html" }, { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/species/" }, { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/species/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:708d25e725b8cb3625e0a5c03062bbb044985bea283af2d14433739dea9f8690" }, { "@value": "sha256:833190daa11a177ef557c70c70a746eab797303f775e168f64ad1ca72f623d05" }, { "@value": "sha256:e3ddb66e32e973a79932859ba53013e8f60d957c6ec01c6eb573e3ea3018d630" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Column names checked against the pre-registered variable" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "Not stated. The first 8000 characters of the retrieved file contain no license, copyright, or Creative Commons string." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: PanTHERIA 1.0 WR05 ecological trait table" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/PanTHERIA_1-0_WR05_Aug2008.txt" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/PanTHERIA_1-0_WR05_Aug2008.txt" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:36e64314cae0394a966a63b949504d1975ac5c5629e05e36c1b139b3348f044a" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-3", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Codebook searched for the pre-registered variable; not a species-score table" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "Not stated on the fetched FishBase manual pages." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: FishBase table manuals" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://www.fishbase.se/manual/English/FishBaseThe_SPECIES_Table.htm" }, { "@id": "https://www.fishbase.se/manual/English/fishbasemorphology_and_physiology.htm" }, { "@id": "https://www.fishbase.se/manual/English/fishbasereproduction00002700.htm" }, { "@id": "https://www.fishbase.se/manual/English/fishbasethe_REPRODUCTION_Table.htm" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://www.fishbase.se/manual/English/FishBaseThe_SPECIES_Table.htm" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:25184f3b2dd858aeb57ff34a903ccf6763b2114a79e64882a7682333197a4808" }, { "@value": "sha256:2651a55498191d537a5afad930173accefe828c06bb4028a51c66bbe2ccb6813" }, { "@value": "sha256:4a250f19b12ce0cd384ab3648734831e1fd969a03894ce2d5c04137149bda4c5" }, { "@value": "sha256:93ffbf8da39335434b66a4657e0e06d9ca7fcc3fe0206478fbbac27b4cc07687" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test--dataset-4", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Taxonomic placement only. Record keys contain no mating posture." } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY 4.0 for the webpage text, as stated on the fetched taxon page." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: WoRMS Aphia record for Octopus vulgaris" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140605" }, { "@id": "https://www.marinespecies.org/rest/AphiaRecordsByName/Octopus%20vulgaris?like=false&marine_only=false" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140605" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:56efba786bc3ab4c40ba264e07e2e02682276a7e8d730cb5778f7d32f5864e2f" }, { "@value": "sha256:6fbeef94e0c7d317579116f5c37319752dd386770d66d584f1cefc61be3c3979" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha05-08", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-08--claim-test" } ] } ] } ]