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Taxa were taken only from sentences that apply zygodactyl, semi-zygodactyl, or heterodactyl to a following scientific name: the extant-clade list, the three-origins list, the semi-zygodactyl \'like\' list, the heterodactyl \'evolved in\' clause, \'zygodactyl birds like\', a zygodactyl bird or foot named in parentheses, and a binomial said to be a fourth independent origin. Pamprodactyl and anisodactyl clauses were not used. Each name was matched on GBIF and counted with species search, rank SPECIES, status ACCEPTED, limit 0. 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Heterodactyl feet also have two forward and two back, with a different toe reversed, and count against uniqueness. The test uses one paper\'s explicit assignments plus a species count. 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A checklist with no toe field is not enough on its own." } } } rows { name { value: "assessmentType" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "claim-test/0.1.0" } } } rows { name { value: "dataKind" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "biological" } } } rows { name { value: "disconfirmingObservation" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "The same statement assigns that toe arrangement, including a facultative one, to a named bird group that contains at least one accepted species other than Jynx torquilla." } } } rows { name { value: "evidenceAgainst" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "A web-search snippet of Botelho et al. 2014 named more than one bird group in connection with zygodactyl feet before this registration. The rule is the claim\'s own uniqueness test. It was not written to fit a count, and the analysis has to extract the assignments from the fetched text rather than from the snippet." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "After the run, the assignments are the paper\'s explicit lists, not a survey of skins. Facultative and heterodactyl feet are inside the pre-registered two-and-two rule. A taxon the paper discusses only as an ancestor, or as having lost the arrangement, is not in these frames. A species-rank GBIF search with higherTaxonKey returned 0 for Melopsittacus undulatus, Leptosomus discolor, so those names did not meet the pre-registered count of at least 1. The family and order counts are what the verdict uses." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "GBIF counts change. The retrieval time will be recorded. The count is a taxonomic total, not a count of feet that were examined." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "If the publisher returns a paywall or a block, the verdict is data-unavailable. No arrangement will be filled in from memory." } } } rows { name { value: "expectedObservation" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "The comparative statement in the paper assigns two toes forward and two back only to the wryneck, and three forward and one back to other birds." } } } rows { name { value: "failCriterion" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Pre-registered. Refutes if the text codes any taxon other than the genus Jynx as two-forward-two-back, and the GBIF backbone count of accepted species in that taxon, minus Jynx torquilla if it falls inside the taxon, is at least 1. Inconclusive with reason data-unavailable if the article text cannot be fetched. Inconclusive with reason not-operationalizable if the fetched text names no taxon for a toe arrangement. Species counts come from GBIF species search on the matched taxon key, rank SPECIES, status ACCEPTED, limit 0, using the count field." } } } rows { name { value: "hasConfidence" } } rows { datatype { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "0.72" datatype: 1 } } } rows { name { value: "hasEvidence" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/" } } rows { name { value: "aristotle-pa04-30--claim-test--dataset-1" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_iri { prefix_id: 14 } } } rows { name { value: "aristotle-pa04-30--claim-test--dataset-2" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "hasVerdict" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 10 } o_literal { lex: "refutes" } } } rows { name { value: "hypothesis" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "If the claim holds, Jynx torquilla is the only bird with two toes forward and two back, and every other bird has three toes forward and one back." } } } rows { name { value: "inferenceMethod" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Extract taxon-to-arrangement assignments from the article text by the patterns in the pass criterion, resolve Jynx torquilla and each other taxon on GBIF, and refute uniqueness when any other assignment covers at least one accepted species besides the wryneck. 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