https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA1rnAR75wMLjx_iYQouOhr9utgJRNUTAlfXT-3lZwT4g/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the three pre-registered vertebral-pattern files at the pinned commit and kept a cervical count only from a row whose species cell is exactly Canis lupus or Panthera leo. constraintMaster.csv is a tree-node table and has no such row, so it contributes no count. Counted distinct 'Cervical Vertebra' headings on the Idaho grey-wolf page after checking that the page names Canis lupus. Read the lion count from the PDF linked on the DOI landing page, whose title names the lion, using the first 'Cervical vertebra' row integer. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 4 cervical elements; the smaller species count among the sources that entered the verdict (n = 3, the wolf figure is a count of separately titled elements on one specimen page, not a stated total; the lion figures are published counts). Interpretation: The quote contrasts a neck that 'contains several vertebrae' with a neck that 'contains only a single bone'. The measurement is therefore the number of cervical bones, not whether those bones are flexible, and not a modern claim about the usual mammalian count of seven applied to these species by taxonomy. A museum page that catalogues cervical vertebra 1, cervical vertebra 2 and further cervical vertebrae as separate objects is a count of bones. A formula C7 is seven cervical vertebrae. Either is more than one bone. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa04-15: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa04-15/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Open compilations or specimen records that state a cervical count, or that list cervical bones as separate objects, for the named species, independent of Aristotle. Planned files, header-checked on 2026-11-02 UTC and not downloaded before this registration: the vertebral-formula tables of Cerbus, Hiratani and Kawaguchi at commit a766ce94587640a2654e33bff14a7ddaf00aa732 of https://github.com/dbkk/vertebral_pattern (vertebral/fullFormulaTree/vertebralData.csv, vertebral/fullFormulaTree/species.csv, and vertebral/constraintMaster.csv); the Idaho Museum of Natural History grey-wolf osteology page https://virtual.imnh.iri.isu.edu/Osteo/View/Grey_Wolf/614, which must contain the text Canis lupus to count; and https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.328, which counts only if the fetched page's title or first heading contains lion or Panthera leo. No species and no source may be added after a count is seen. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Either the wolf or the lion is recorded with more than one cervical vertebra or more than one separately catalogued cervical bone. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Domestic dogs and leopards are out of scope even if a file happens to contain them. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Header checks only. No cervical count was read before this file was committed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The Idaho page is one grey-wolf specimen, and the lion paper is one osteological description. A count above 1 on either source is enough to reject 'a single bone' for that species; it is not a survey of variation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The vertebral-formula table has no Canis lupus row. The wolf count comes only from the museum specimen page. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The wolf page titles four cervical elements (the first, the second, the third, and the last) and does not print a complete cervical formula. Four separately titled elements are already more than one bone. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst constraintMaster.csv was downloaded and hashed. Its rows are not one species each, so the pre-registered exact-name rule gives it no count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Canis lupus and Panthera leo are each recorded with a single cervical bone, and at least one other mammal in the same vertebral-formula table has more than one cervical vertebra. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if at least one of the two species has cervical-element count greater than 1 in every source that records it. Mixed if the sources that record a species disagree on whether the count is 1 or greater than 1, and neither species is greater than 1 in every source that records it. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if either species has no count and the other is not greater than 1 in every source that records it. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if none of the three sources returns a page or file that can be read. A source that loads but does not name the species contributes no count for it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis The neck of the wolf (Canis lupus) and the neck of the lion (Panthera leo) each consists of a single bone, whereas other animals with a neck have several cervical vertebrae. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod From a table, read the numeric cervical-count column, or the integer in a formula token C<number>, on rows whose scientific name is exactly Canis lupus or Panthera leo. From the museum page, count distinct labels that match 'Cervical Vertebra'. From the lion paper, read the integer in the row whose label is Cervical vertebra or Cervical vertebrae. A species is consensus_many if every non-missing count is greater than 1, consensus_one if every such count equals 1, and conflict otherwise. Refutes if either species is consensus_many. Mixed if either is conflict and neither is consensus_many. Supports if both are consensus_one and the formula table has another mammal with a cervical count of at least 2. Otherwise inconclusive, with the reason in fail_criterion. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered, before any vertebral count was read. Supports only if both species have a cervical-element count of exactly 1 in every admissible source that records that species, and the vertebral-formula table records at least one other mammal with a cervical count of 2 or more. A count is the number of cervical vertebrae or separately identified cervical bones, not a length in millimetres. Names accepted are the binomials Canis lupus and Panthera leo only. Canis lupus familiaris, Canis latrans, Panthera pardus and Panthera tigris are not substitutes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa04-15 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description species-level cervical counts; a row counts only when its species cell is exactly Canis lupus or Panthera leo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Data deposited with the paper in the public GitHub repository; no separate license file was retrieved https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Vertebral formula tables (Cerbus, Hiratani and Kawaguchi), GitHub dbkk/vertebral_pattern https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dbkk/vertebral_pattern/a766ce94587640a2654e33bff14a7ddaf00aa732/vertebral/constraintMaster.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dbkk/vertebral_pattern/a766ce94587640a2654e33bff14a7ddaf00aa732/vertebral/fullFormulaTree/species.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dbkk/vertebral_pattern/a766ce94587640a2654e33bff14a7ddaf00aa732/vertebral/fullFormulaTree/vertebralData.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/dbkk/vertebral_pattern https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:0a3abe08eda6177dcf9e19077d0f91dc84ae4e4226cb71fa601f0d4c815175c4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:4c7dc0b51aa004e190067d0c7e44c0389999683d2fe762b2889f3013962b2db0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:fe82899199899a47d13e4649f03bd2c84490dd45be69e2d7a68112e6719d72bf https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description separately titled cervical elements of one Canis lupus specimen https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-15--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Idaho Museum of Natural History virtual specimen page; 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