. . . . "Downloaded the v24.07 reproduc and species parquet files, hashed them, and grouped non-empty ReproMode values by SpecCode. A species is hermaphrodite if any mode string contains hermaphrod, protandr or protogyn, dioecious if any contains dioec, and parthenogenetic if any contains parthen. The pre-registered rule was applied to those counts. Parthenogenesis is reported and does not decide the verdict." . . "Measured: 500 fish species with a hermaphrodite reproduction mode (n = 11777, exact count of distinct SpecCode values). Interpretation: Aristotle's scope is animals that move about, contrasted with plants and with animals that stay fixed. Every species in FishBase is a fish, and fishes swim, so they are inside the scope. 'The sexes are separated, one individual being male and one female' is read as gonochorism: male and female are different individuals. Protandry, protogyny and true hermaphroditism, the three non-dioecious sexual modes named in the FishBase REPRODUCTION manual, put both sexes in one individual and are counterexamples. Parthenogenesis is a different departure (no second sex) and is not used for the verdict. The test does not speak to sessile animals or to plants." . "Claim test of aristotle-ga01-35: refutes, confidence 0.85" . . . "A public species-level compilation of fish reproductive mode, assembled independently of Aristotle's text, in which hermaphroditism is a coded field rather than a free-text aside. Fishes count as animals that move about. Records with a blank mode do not count as dioecious." . "claim-test/0.1.0" . "biological" . "At least one fish species whose reproduction mode is simultaneous or sequential hermaphroditism. One such species is enough, because the claim says all animals that move about." . "Before this registration the parquet schema (column names and types) of reproduc.parquet and species.parquet was read. No ReproMode value, no species name and no row count of modes was queried." . "Sequential hermaphrodites are one sex at a time. They still contradict 'one individual being male and one female', because the same individual is both." . "The FishBase manual says the mode field is incomplete and that a plot of hermaphroditism by latitude had to assume blank modes were dioecious. Blanks are excluded here. A pass would therefore describe coded species only, and would be weak evidence for the universal." . "Every fish species with a filled reproduction mode is dioecious: the number of species coded protandrous, protogynous or truly hermaphroditic is zero, in a table that actually contains mode codes for at least 100 species." . "Pre-registered. The claim is refuted if n_herm >= 1. If n_herm = 0 and n_mode < 100, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If the reproduc snapshot cannot be fetched, ReproMode is absent, or n_mode = 0, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A species with both a hermaphrodite record and a dioecious record counts as hermaphrodite." . "0.85"^^ . . "refutes" . "If every animal that can move about has the sexes in separate individuals, then no fish species in the FishBase reproduction table has a recorded mode of simultaneous or sequential hermaphroditism, because a fish is an animal that moves about and a hermaphroditic fish is one individual that is both male and female." . "Count distinct SpecCode values by the pre-registered string classes of ReproMode. Refute on one or more hermaphrodite species. Support only on a large all-dioecious coded set. No statistical test: the claim is universal." . "Pre-registered. Among distinct FishBase SpecCode values whose ReproMode is non-empty, let n_mode be the count, n_herm the count whose mode string (lower-cased) contains 'hermaphrod', 'protandr' or 'protogyn', and n_dioec the count whose mode string contains 'dioec'. The claim is supported only if n_mode >= 100, n_herm = 0 and n_dioec >= 50. Parthenogenesis is counted and reported but is not a counterexample and is not required for the pass." . "false"^^ . . "species-level reproductive mode; species table supplies scientific names for the examples" . "CC BY-NC (FishBase, redistributed by the rfishbase snapshot)" . . "Dataset: FishBase reproduction and species tables, rfishbase snapshot v24.07" . . . . "sha256:24c208a224357c36f3e4a5b6e34357837671f0c5a0b3954c2fe698d26909155b" . "sha256:571c60b0b47cf50ca28d49b01b6abc17ab0506d8233e7d703b2c87e3ff41fb3c" . . "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/aristotle-biology-claim-tests-1551)" . . . "grok-4.7" . . . . . . . . . "2026-11-08T16:24:31.732Z"^^ . . . . . "Claim test of aristotle-ga01-35: refutes, confidence 0.85" . . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" . "UBe/Yq2NR0QLguCs/nZdNWRfa3avgiWRIjDVNKRMSk/E3mrBuUVTafVU6XYIBjKwrv5Y5ZhduZ02oNDJWEbCbNPl+D3v6KNS3/mkj2/Wi+yEIO1y/gceV3h2oq88tcVt8+7/MZW1l/5zwLJRc/6g0pQ6XV2mRdxfB9wsf4VGVhHibKxYeODGKUHGtQm+Xn6+EXYb83JFmCpmENb83i7J4N+hnuOYXjIpwPw4xjmpLGFNhmghZ4PoIrLG2Q0WBDwQKhXrErNYuOoNncXtu/HTJrUNRML9vMQrPvPNOQbtU1A+AFNPE0KqwYyNxo7Dldzgu9XuBBFEeAgb+mj9HDxohw==" . . .