https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Fetched each pre-registered page, stripped the markup, and recorded stated chamber counts in sentences about mammals, humans, horses, or cattle, ignoring sentences that assign a count only to fish, amphibians, or reptiles. Named right and left atria and ventricles, mapping auricle to the atrium of the same side. Pages adapted from OpenStax vote as one group. A group vote is the agreed clean count. The claim's size order is recorded when a sentence ranks cavities, and is required only for a support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 4 blood-filled chambers (atria and ventricles) enumerated for the mammalian heart (n = 3, one vote per independent text group; OpenStax-derived pages count once). Interpretation: Scope is man and the larger blooded animals, so the test uses humans and the horse and ox (pony and calf in the ungulate guide). Aristotle's cavity is mapped to a blood-filled chamber of the adult heart, the atrium or the ventricle. Wall thickness is not cavity size. A remark that one side of the heart has thicker muscle is not the size ranking of cavities. This mapping is a modern anatomical reading of 'cavity'; it is stated here so the count is auditable. It is not a claim that Aristotle meant the modern four-chamber scheme. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha01-22: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-22/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Open texts whose subject is the heart of mammals, humans, horses, or cattle. Sentences explicitly about fish, amphibian, or reptile hearts are ignored. The OpenStax page and pages that say they are adapted from OpenStax count as one source group. A dissection guide of pony and calf hearts is a separate group. A teaching slide that names cow heart chambers is a separate group. Wikibooks is a separate group unless its page says it is adapted from OpenStax, in which case it joins that group. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Two independent anatomical sources enumerate four atria-plus-ventricles, or some other count that is not three, for the mammalian, human, equine, or bovine heart. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A web search used to find open heart pages displayed excerpts saying how many chambers mammals have, before this file was committed. The rule remains the claim's number, three, and was not adjusted to those excerpts. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No page in source_groups was fetched for this test before this commit. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Textbook agreement is not a sample of dissected hearts. Confidence is capped by the formula in the contract for that reason. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Texts describing the adult heart of humans and of horses or cattle name three cavities and rank them right larger than middle larger than left. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refutes if at least two independent source groups enumerate a count other than 3 for the adult human heart or for the heart of the horse, ox, or mammals generally. The size ranking is not required once the count is not 3, because the claim's size order is an order among three cavities. Mixed if the groups disagree on the count, or if all enumerating groups say 3 but no source states the right-middle-left size order, or only one group enumerates 3 and another is silent. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if fewer than two groups yield a page that states a count or names at least three of the four chamber terms (right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle). A page that states a number and also names a conflicting set of chambers is discordant and does not vote. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, anatomical descriptions of the adult heart of humans and of larger mammals (horse and ox) will enumerate three blood-filled cavities, with the right-hand one largest, the left-hand one smallest, and a middle one intermediate in size. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod From each fetched page, record a stated number ('three chambers', 'four chambers', 'four-chambered', and the digit forms) and the set of named chambers. Map auricle of a side onto the atrium of that side. Tally one vote per independent group. Apply pass_criterion and fail_criterion. Confidence is 0.80 if the verdict is refutes, 0.60 if supports, 0.45 if mixed, and 0.55 if inconclusive. These texts are descriptions, not a measured series of chamber volumes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Supports only if every independent source group that enumerates a chamber count gives 3, at least two groups enumerate a count, and at least one source states a size order of those cavities with the right largest, the left smallest, and the middle one between them. A cavity is an atrium or a ventricle. Valves, septa, auricular appendages, and great vessels are not extra cavities. 'Right auricle' is the same cavity as 'right atrium' when both are named. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha01-22 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description enumeration of adult heart chambers in humans and large mammals https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license mixed open educational texts (OpenStax CC BY, university pressbooks, Wikibooks) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Open texts on the mammalian, human, and ungulate heart https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Cardiovascular_System/The_Heart https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://mgccc.edu/learning_lab/science/heart2/tsld026.htm https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/19-1-heart-anatomy https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://organismalbio.biosci.gatech.edu/nutrition-transport-and-homeostasis/the-mammalian-cardiac-cycle/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://opentext.uoregon.edu/animalphysiology/chapter/6-3-mammalian-heart-and-blood-vessels/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:2746dd6412f01db86dd6d63c7d8af758b5900700527d3c506c50edc74d316952 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:44190e977889c8a85c4580ae4ae297c46968e1753ee5dafa40b10b929ac7d379 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:5eddd2811c8f5e4eaa3c6dea98a244363af22304e0bb74098268c214080c152f https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:b6d4a127473ba5e19f25ca9e6d03c706481d7cdad6c336e41c7dbfb2f6bbc88a https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-biology-claim-tests-c47a) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-22/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/test https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/plan https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.749Z https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha01-22: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature QQFTGBoPmWZmYvHEYaHr1J/AIOX74BWMjjKb0XedekwPXo/DkrziEQ6nu/dL4UuuFyNDHU87Uypbu/OkhsT+4F74vnle8prJjk17aEEX5Hjb3N2Nshk4YXFt4stEFBzefF94+1D8D1BweINd6l9qZQ0PKl5UCRVACUSd2TcZpp6TH78vCffMIuy+UauDfgaR04+GJWn5GmFeLZcYjfVSggIzYHRRKQg3T45blNwnh9XK3OXXX7v/o/pJFgEFOdM+/6DmZm7tiC7CDgfhafZHQyOg9sSH4hvT9HKBm/iIQoCu4RpqMbPQwTdWBdLVA/IGyBVK0ZQwGCl9crqemKcIvQ== https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA https://w3id.org/np/RA0tpLuTteMdGSgID-k1J5HHOGA4OZcKEbFNcohgtZuuA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192